不同水、钾对玉米生长及水、钾利用效率的影响  

Effect of Water and Potassium on Maize Growth and Efficiency

作　　者：霍娜[1] 王宏庭[2] 于志勇[2] 赵萍萍[2] 张笃军 

机构地区：[1]山西大学生物工程学院,山西太原030006 [2]山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2015年第5期566-570,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中加合作项目(IPNI-Shanxi-2013)

摘　　要：水分和钾素是作物生长必需的2个重要因子。采用盆栽试验方法研究了水、钾及其相互作用对玉米苗期植株生长的影响。结果表明,在一定条件范围（土壤田间持水量60%～80%,K2O含量0～0.20 g/kg）内,水分和钾素均会影响玉米的生长发育,玉米的株高、茎粗、鲜质量和干质量随着灌水量、施钾量的增加均呈明显增加的趋势。表明在水、钾管理过程中,当水分不足的条件下,可以通过增施钾肥来促进植物的生长,收到以肥促水的效果,而在钾肥供应不足的条件下,可以通过增加灌溉量促进植物的生长,收到以水促肥的效果。从玉米的水分利用效率看,在一定条件范围内,随着灌水量、施钾量的增加,水分利用效率也呈增加的趋势。而就钾肥的农学效率看,随着灌水量的增加,钾的农学效率呈先增加后降低的趋势;随着施钾量的增加,钾的农学效率呈下降的趋势。在试验条件下,综合考虑玉米生长和水分利用效率及钾肥的农学效率,土壤的田间持水量为70%左右和施钾（K2O）0.10 g/kg是植株生长的最佳水、钾管理模式。Water and potassium are two essential factors affected crop growth. In this study,pot- experiments were conducted with the randomized block design and five replicas to study the effect of water and potassium on maize growth. The results indicated that under the condition（ field moisture capacity by 60%- 80% and potash applied by 0- 0.2 g K2O/kg soil）, maize growth was affected by soil moisture and potassium, and the plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of the maize had an increased tendency with the increase of irrigation rate and potash application rate. These indicated that during crop growth, certain strategy was taken on the management process of irrigation and potash application. When the water was shortage, increasing the rate of potash application might promote the maize growth, thus the effect of water was obtained by fertilizer application; and when potassium was shortage, increasing the rate of irrigation may also had a help to maize growth, thus the effect of fertilizer application was obtained by irrigation. As far as efficiency was concerned, the maize efficiency of water use increased with the rate of irrigation and potash application under the certain condition, but the agronomic efficiency of potash application decreased with the rate of potash application. Therefore, maize growth, water use efficiency and agronomy efficiency of potash use were considered, field moisture capacity by 70% and potash application by 0.10 g K2O/kg soil may provide the right condition for maize growth.

关 键 词：土壤水分 钾 玉米 生长 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]