上海市杨浦区社区居民灾难医学知识现状及需求分析  

Current situation and training needs of disaster medicine-related knowledge in community-based populations in Yangpu district of Shanghai

作　　者：韩雪[1] 蒲蕊[2] 丁一波[2] 石韶俊 杜琰[2] 李自雄[2] 刘文斌[2] 张宏伟[2] 谢梦[1] 张蓉[1] 曹广文[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市杨浦区疾病预防控制中心,上海200090 [2]第二军医大学流行病学教研室,上海200433

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2015年第5期237-241,共5页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市公共卫生重点学科建设项目(12GWZX0102);上海市教育科学研究重点项目(A1016)

摘　　要：[目的]探索城市居民应对灾难的能力和脆弱性,明确城市人群灾难医学知识水平及培训需求。[方法]在上海市杨浦区随机抽取5个社区,再按不同年龄组的人口比例进行分层抽样,共抽取1 700名社区居民,应用自制调查表进行现场调查,获得1 643份信息完整的调查表。[结果]89.0%的居民认为应该了解和掌握灾难医学相关知识。"核泄漏事件防护措施"和"高层建筑火灾"问题回答正确率均达到80%以上,而"心肺复苏操作"总体回答正确率不到40%。目前社区居民获取灾难医学知识主要通过报纸、杂志、网络(52.1%),通过学校教育获取仅为5.3%。社区人群最希望通过讲座(72.4%)方式获取"灾难急救技术"(60.1%)和"灾难医学基本原理"(57.8%)知识。[结论]学校教育在灾难相关知识普及方面存在缺欠,可能导致居民普遍缺乏灾难自救、互救的能力。加强学校教育中对灾难相关教育,定期组织社区灾难医学知识普及和模拟演练有望降低灾难的人群脆弱性。Objective] To explore disaster response capability and the vulnerability as well as the current level and training needs of disaster medicine knowledge in urban populations . [ Methods] Five communities in Yangpu District of Shanghai were randomly enrolled in this study .The study populations were then stratified by age groups .A total of 1700 residents were recruited , 1643 of which completed a structured questionnaire designed by the investigators . [ Results] Eight-nine percent of the residents be-lieved the importance of understanding disaster medicine -related knowledge .The correct answer rates of “pro-tective measures of nuclear leakage issues” and “self-rescue measures in a high building fire” reached over 80%;however , the overall correct answer rate of “cardiorespiratory resuscitation operation” was less than 40%.The main channels of community residents accessing disaster medicine knowledge were mainly news -papers, magazines, and internet （52.1%）;whereas only 5.3%of them obtained the knowledge from school education .Community residents most liked to obtain “first aid skills”and“basic theory of disaster medicine”through formal lectures （72.4%）. [Conclusion] School education lacks disaster-related knowledge , pos-sibly resulting in the fact that community residents have a limited ability to save both oneself and others in disaster .There are significant differences between residents with different education levels .Community resi-dents have limited knowledge of disaster occurrence and development , and lack capabilities of self-rescue and mutual aid .Colleges should increase the contents of disaster medicine education in their curriculum .Disaster education should be enforced in school education .Continued education and simulation of disaster-related knowledge should be regularly offered to community residents to greatly reduce their vulnerability to disasters .

关 键 词：灾难医学 社区人群 脆弱性 培训 

分 类 号：R129[医药卫生—环境卫生学]