保水缓释氮肥在海南砖红壤中的保水缓释效果研究  

Study on Water-retention and Sustained Release Effects of Water-absorbent Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer in Latosol of Hainan

作　　者：王龙宇[1] 华元刚[2] 刘海林[2] 林钊沐[2] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学农学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所农业部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2015年第5期854-859,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所基本科研业务费专项“耕地修复改良与高效施肥技术研究与示范推广(No.HNGDxf2015)”;“新型橡胶树专用肥的研制及应用研究(No.1630022012003)”;现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(No.CARS-34)

摘　　要：通过化学聚合反应制备了一种新型保水缓释氮肥,研究了保水缓释氮肥的理化性质及其在砖红壤中的保水缓释效果,探讨了施用保水缓释氮肥改善海南岛橡胶种植区砖红壤养分易流失和肥水不同步等问题的可行性。结果表明:保水缓释氮肥的原料氮肥尿素与保水材料之间通过氢键作用形成了共聚体,含有大量亲水性基团,酸碱度接近中性,在自来水中吸水倍率可达167.17 g/g,在水土比为1∶5、1∶10和1∶20的砖红壤浸提液中吸水倍率分别为104.66、122.93和145.38 g/g。砖红壤中添加0.5%、1%和2%的保水缓释氮肥后砖红壤最大持水率可分别提高23.72%、30.89%和39.68%,且能有效降低砖红壤水分蒸发速率。与普通尿素相比,保水缓释氮肥可减缓氮素淋出速率,首次淋出量仅为施氮总量的22.17%。表明保水缓释氮肥在砖红壤中既具有良好的养分缓释效应又具有较强的吸水保水能力,可有效减少养分流失,提高水肥利用率,促进水肥耦合。A new type of water-absorbe nt slow release nitrogen fertilizer is prepared through chemical polymerization reaction in this study. The physicochemical property of the water-absorbent slow release nitrogen fertilizer and its water-retention and sustained release effects in latosol are studied. The feasibility of applying water-absorbent slow release nitrogen fertilizer to improve such problems as easy loss of soil nutrients and separation of fertilizer and water in latosol in planting region of rubber in Hainan is also discussed. Results shows that,co-polymers are formed between the raw material of water-absorbent slow release nitrogen fertihzer--nitrogen fertilizer and the water-retention material through hydrogen-bond interaction. This kind of co-polymer has a large number of hydrophilic groups, its PH values close to neutral; Its water absorbency could be up to 167.17 g/g in the tap water; when in latosol leaching liquor with water-soil ratios of 1：5, 1：10 and 1：20, its water absorbencies are 104.66, 122.93 and 145.38 g/g respectively. After adding 0.5%, 1% and 2% water-absorbent slow release nitrogen fertilizer to the latosol, the maximum water-holding rate of latosol can be increased by 23.72%, 30.89% and 39.68% respectively. What＇s more, evaporation rate of water in latosol can be efficiently decreased. Compared with the ordinary urea, water-absorbent slow release nitrogen fertilizer can slow down the leaching rate of nitrogen, and the initial leaching amount is only 22.17% of the total nitrogen. This shows that the water-absorbent slow release nitrogen fertilizer not only has good sustained release effects on nutrients in latosol, but also has strong ability to absorb and hold water. It can efficiently reduce the loss of soil nutrient, improve the use efficiency of water and fertilizer, promote water-fertilizer coupling.

关 键 词：砖红壤 保水缓释氮肥 保水 缓释 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]