木醋液对牛粪堆肥理化性质的影响  

Influence of wood vinegar on the physicochemical properties of cow manure composting

作　　者：王磊元 刘飞[1,2] 秦翠兰[1,2] 李治宇[1,2] 周岭[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学机械电气化工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区普通高等学校现代农业工程重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2015年第3期296-300,共5页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助(51266014)--木醋液对牛粪堆放过程温室气体排放规律的调控研究;兵团博士资金专项(2011BB012)--木醋液对牛粪预堆制过程污染物调控机制的研究

摘　　要：以牛粪为堆肥原料,研究不同浓度木醋液对牛粪堆肥理化性质的影响。试验采用好氧人工翻堆方式进行。试验共设4个处理,浓度分别为0.2%、0.5%、0.8%的木醋液处理和不添加木醋液的对照处理。通过试验分析温度、含水率、EC、pH值、铵态氮和硝态氮含量等指标随堆肥发酵时间变化的特征。结果表明：各处理组在堆肥发酵过程中pH均在适宜微生物生长的范围内,含水率都保持在55%以上;EC都呈先上升后下降的趋势;添加不同浓度木醋液处理与对照处理相比,都显著提高铵态氮硝态氮含量,从而有效减少堆肥发酵过程中氨气挥发和氮素损失,其中浓度为0.5%木醋液处理效果最好,与对照相比,肥堆升温快,进入高温所需时间短,高温持续时间长,在整个堆肥发酵过程中含水率一直保持在60%~70%之间,发酵结束时物料电导率较低,堆料腐熟快,有利于加快堆肥发酵进程。The test used the aerobic composting method, and 4 treatments were setup in total. The process with wood vinegar of 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8% concentration and without wood vinegar were compared. The features of temperature, water content, EC, pH, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitro- gen contents changed with composting fermentation time were analyzed. The pH of all the treatment groups in the composting fermentation process were in the suitable range for microbial growth, with moisture content above 55% ; EC increased first and then decreased. Compared with the control treatment, the ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents of which composted by wood vinegar with 3 different concentrations increased significantiy, which effectively reduce the ammonia volatilization and nitrogen loss during composting. The 0. 5 %wood vinegar has the best treatment effect, which could quickly warm the composting, enter into the high temperature with short time, maintain high temperature for longer duration, and the moisture content has remained 60%-70%. It also has low conductivity, could compost windrow fast, which is conducive to speed up the composting fermentation process.

关 键 词：牛粪 堆肥 木醋液 理化性质 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]