格尔木地区散射辐射变化特征  

Characteristics of Scattered Radiation Change in Golmud

作　　者：张占峰[1] 张焕平[2] 金惠瑛[3] 马小萍 刘珍花[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国大气本底基准观象台,西宁810001 [2]青海省气象信息中心,西宁810001 [3]青海省人工影响天气办公室,西宁810001 [4]西宁市气象局,西宁810001

出　　处：《气象科技》2015年第2期270-275,共6页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306029)资助

摘　　要：利用1961—2012年格尔木气象站观测资料,对散射辐射的变化特征及影响因子进行研究。结果表明,近52年格尔木地区散射辐射呈显著减少趋势,减幅为98.37 MJ·m-2/10a(P<0.05);散射辐射年变化曲线呈单峰型,年最高值为333.32 MJ/m2,约占年总量的13%,最低值为108.35 MJ/m2,仅占年总量的4%。散射辐射夏季日总量(14.67 MJ/m2)约为冬季日总量(6.54 MJ/m2)的2.2倍,四季散射辐射日变化曲线均呈明显的单峰型,正午前后最大;散射辐射随总云量增加而增大,卷层云时散射辐射值最大,积云时最小;有积雪时散射辐射随着太阳高度角的增大而明显增加,地面积雪对散射辐射的影响主要表现为因地表和大气的多次反射使到达地面的散射辐射增加。By means of the observation data of the Golmud weather station from 1961 to 2012, the characteristics and impact factors of scattered radiation are studied. It is proved that scattered radiation showed a significant decreasing trend at Golmud in 52 years with a decrease rate of 98. 37 MJ/m^2 per 10 years （P〈0.05） ; the scattered radiation curve shows a unimodal trend with the annual maximum being 333.32 MJ/m^2, accounting for 13% in the annual total, and the minimum being 108.35 MJ/m^2, accounting for 4% in the annual total. The annual mean of scattered radiation is 2614. 85 MJ/m^2, accounting for 38% in the annual global radiation. The amount of scattered radiation in summer （14. 67 MJ/m^2） is 2.2 times as great as that in winter （6.54 MJ/m^2） ; the daily change curve of scattered radiation shows also a unimodal trend. The maximum appears around noon, and scattered radiation increases with the total cloud cover; the maximum appears along with cirrostratus and the minimum with cumulus; scattered radiation increases with the increase of solar elevation when there is snow, and the influence of ground snow cover on scattering radiation is mainly due to the increase of the scattered radiation reaching the ground induced by the multiple reflection on the surface and in the atmosphere.

关 键 词：散射辐射 变化特征 影响因子 

分 类 号：P422.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]