胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓损伤手术时机及早期治疗策略  

Timing of operation and early treatment strategy for thoracolumbar spine fractures with acute spinal cord injury

作　　者：封亚平[1] 封雨[1] 唐少锋[1] 谢佳芯[1] 艾卫兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都军区昆明总医院全军脊髓损伤治疗中心,云南昆明650032

出　　处：《实用医院临床杂志》2015年第3期7-10,共4页Practical Journal of Clinical Medicine

基　　金：全军临床高新技术重大课题基金资助项目(编号:01MB039)

摘　　要：目的：探讨经伤椎椎弓根置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折及合并脊髓损伤（ spinal cord injury ，SCI）早期髓内外减压的手术疗效及安全性。方法1562例胸腰椎骨折患者共计伤椎1316个，对伤椎椎弓根正常者及相邻的上下椎体经椎弓根置钉内固定，手术共完成伤椎置钉2632枚，完全性脊髓损伤（ ASIA评分A级）患者（287例）进行髓内外减压，于术后2周、6个月、12个月复查，观察术后伤椎高度、水平移位、矢状面Cobb角、椎管容积术后增加、伤椎体愈合情况，神经功能恢复、内固定断钉、断棒、镙钉松动等失败率指标。结果全部患者均进行随访。伤椎高度恢复至正常的93．6％，矢状面Cobb角术后恢复至3．1°；术后12月出现断钉4例，断棒5例，无螺钉松动及拔出。术前287例完全性脊髓损伤（ ASIA评分 A级）患者术后12个月A－SIA评分分别为A级113例、B级74例、C级68例、D级26例、E级6例；术前287例ASIA A级患者昆明步行分级（ Kun－ming Locomotor Scale ，KLS）Ⅰ级患者于术后12个月KLS分别为Ⅱ级6例、Ⅲ级11例、Ⅳ级62例、Ⅴ级67例、Ⅵ级84例、Ⅶ级37例、Ⅷ级9例、Ⅸ级5例、Ⅹ级6例；术前不完全性脊髓损伤1225例患者手术后脊髓神经功能均有1～2级的恢复，无神经损伤加重、死亡等并发症。结论经伤椎椎弓根置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折能达到即刻复位，提高了复位质量，改善固定强度及应力分布，大大减少术后断钉、断棒、螺钉松动、拔出、后突畸形的发生概率，对脊髓损伤早期行髓内外减压，提高了手术疗效，是治疗胸腰椎骨折并脊髓损伤安全、有效的方法。Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of internal fixation surgery with screws through intact pedicle of fractured vertebral arch and internal and external spinal cord decompression in the treatment of thoracolumbar spine fractures with acute spinal cord injury （SCI）.Methods Of 1562 patients with thoracolumbar spine fractures ,there were 1316 cases with fractured verte-bras.Internal fixation was performed with screws through intact pedicle of fractured and its upper and lower vertebras arches .A total of 2632 screws were fixed .An early internal and external spinal cord decompression was done to 287 patients who were estimated as class A by using ASIA score .All the patients were reexamined at 2 weeks ,6 months and 12 months after surgery .The fractured vertebras height,lateral dislocation,Cobb’s angle on sagittal plane,vertebral canal volume,healing condition,neural functional recovery and rate of internal fixation failure were observed .Results All the patients were followed up after surgery .The heights of the fractured vertebras were improved to 93.6%of the normal value .The Cobb’s angles on sagittal plane were restored to 3.1°.There were 4 cases with broken screw and 5 cases with broken rod after 12 months of surgery while no screw loosening or extraction was observed .The 287 patients with class A were recovered to different extent after 12 months of surgery ,in which 113 cases were class A ,74 cases class B ,68 cases class C,26 cases class D and 6 cases class E.Meanwhile,the 287 patients were scored as class Ⅰ according to Kunming Locomotor Scale （KLS）.After surgery,KLS for these cases were improved including 6 cases with class Ⅱ,11 cases with class Ⅲ,62 cases with classⅣ,67 cases with class Ⅴ,84 cases with class Ⅵ,37 cases with class Ⅶ,9 cases with class Ⅷ,5 cases with class Ⅸand 6 cases with class Ⅹ.The 1225 patients with incomplete SCI also achieved 1 to 2 grade of improvement in KLS .Among all cases ,no neurological ag-gravation and death was observed .Conclu

关 键 词：胸椎 腰椎 脊柱骨折 椎弓根螺钉 挫伤 神经外科 

分 类 号：R651.2[医药卫生—外科学]