牛蒡子高产栽培措施的研究  

Study on High-yield Cultivation Measures for Arctii Fructus

作　　者：刘世勇[1] 江晓波[1] 王涛[1] 孙继业 胡尚钦[3] 张利[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学理学院,四川雅安625014 [2]四川辅正药业有限责任公司,四川成都611730 [3]四川省农科院中药材研究中心,四川简阳641400

出　　处：《中药材》2015年第2期227-230,共4页Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials

基　　金：四川省科技支撑计划(2014FZ0056);国家科技型中小企业技术创新基金(14C26215102921)

摘　　要：目的:获得牛蒡子高产的栽培措施。方法:采用完全随机区组试验设计的方法在大田种植,分析不同的栽培措施对牛蒡农艺性状、物候期和牛蒡子产量、品质的影响。结果:试验结果表明,8月28日种植的牛蒡株高、牛蒡子千粒重、牛蒡子亩产最高。当种植密度为1 482株/667 m2时,牛蒡子亩产最高。牛蒡苷含量随着种植时间推迟、密度增加反而成增加趋势。分次施肥的牛蒡株高、牛蒡子千粒重、牛蒡子亩产、牛蒡苷含量显著高于一次性施肥。覆膜牛蒡株高、牛蒡子亩产、牛蒡苷含量、相对含水量分别高于露地7.74%、10.87%、6.38%、24.20%。打顶牛蒡子亩产比不打顶高11.09%,分枝数低35.89%。种植时间早和打顶都缩短了牛蒡生长周期。结论:根据试验结果得出牛蒡子高产栽培措施为:8月28日左右进行直播,种植密度为1 482株/667 m2,肥料分4次施用,在厢面覆盖薄膜,抽薹时进行打顶。Objective：To find out the high yield cultivation measures for Arctii Fructus. Methods：Completely randomized block ex- periment design method was used in the field planting, to analyze the effect of different cultivation way on agronomic characters,pheno- logical phase,quality and quantity of Aretii Fruetus. Resu]ts：Arctium lappa planted on August 28 had the best results of plant height, thousand seeds weight and yield. The highest yield of Arctii Fructus was got at the density of 1 482 plants/667 m2. Arctiin content was in an increase trend with the planting time delay and planting density increasing. The plant height,thousand seeds weight,yield and are- tiin content by split application of fertilizer were significantly higher than that by one-time fertilization. Compared with open field Arctium lappa,plant height, yield, arctiin content and relative water content of plastic film mulching Arctium lappa was higher by 7.74%, 10. 87% ,6. 38% and 24. 20% , respectively. In the topping Arctium lappa, the yield was increased by 11.09% , with 39. 89% less branching number. Early planting time and topping shortened the growth cycle of Arctium lappa plant. Conclusion：The high-yield culti- vation measures of Aretii Fructus are ： around August 28 to sowing, planting density of 1 482 plants/667 m2, split application of fertilizer for four times, covering film on surface of the soil and topping in bolting.

关 键 词：牛蒡子 栽培措施 产量 品质 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]