引水等综合整治后杭州西湖氮、磷营养盐时空变化(1985-2013年)  

Spatial and temporal distributions and variations of nutrients in the West Lake,Hangzhou,after the implementation of integrated water management program( 1985-2013)

作　　者：尤爱菊[1] 吴芝瑛 韩曾萃[1] 杨俊 滑磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省水利河口研究院,杭州310020 [2]杭州市西湖水域管理处,杭州310002

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2015年第3期371-377,共7页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-007-005)资助

摘　　要：经引水等综合整治后,西湖外湖、西里湖总磷（TP）浓度累计下降58%和78%,总氮（TN）浓度累计下降16.7%和7.7%,透明度提高100%~200%,富营养状态得到极大缓解.比较1986年治理前,西湖各湖区因来水、引水和排水格局差异较大,TP浓度的年内变化特点及驱动因素也存在较大差异：杨公堤以西的上游湖区因优质水源补充TP浓度总体较低,同时受流域降雨径流面源输入影响,呈现时段性升高；杨公堤和苏堤之间的中游湖区优质水源补充量最大,湖区水体更新最快,TP浓度最低且变化相对最为稳定；苏堤以东的外湖区水体更新相对最慢,在夏、秋高温季节因底泥污染释放,TP浓度出现峰值.因外来引水量大且未经脱氮处理,西湖各湖区TN年内变化基本与钱塘江取水口TN浓度变化一致,同时因流域降雨径流面源输入而出现时段性波动.基于TP质量平衡模型分析,各湖区水质空间差异主要受水体年交换次数影响,其次受单位水体的年污染负荷影响.Through the integrated management including water diversion, the total phosphorus （ TP） concentrations were decreased by 58% and 78%, the total nitrogen （TN） decreased by 16. 7% and 7. 7%, and transparency raised by 100% to 200%, respec-tively, in the outer West Lake and the inner West Lake. Eutrophication status was greatly reduced in the lake. Compared to the sit-uation before the implementation of the program in 1986, due to the huge differences in inflow, diversion and drainage patterns, the characteristics of TP concentration variations within the year and their driving factors have great differences in different regions of the lake. In the upper lake region located in the west of Yanggongdi, TP concentration was low because of the supplement of high quality diverted water, and the concentrations increased in certain periods of time by the influences of rainfall-runoff non-point sources. The lake region between Yanggongdi and Sudi, TP concentration was the lowest and its variation was relatively stable, due to the large quantity of supplemented high-quality diverted water and the fastest water exchange. In outer lake area located in the east of Sudi, water exchange was slow, and TP concentrations reached the peak in summer because of the sediments release. Due to large quantity of water diversion and being lack of denitrification process, the variation of TN concentrations in the West Lake were the same as that in the intake river, Qiantang River, and the concentrations appeared to fluctuate in the same period of time for the rainfall-runoff non-point source. Based on the analysis of TP mass balance model, the spatial variation of water quality was primarily affected by the times of water exchange, and the pollutant load per volume of water secondary.

关 键 词：西湖 总磷 总氮 时空分布 影响因子 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]