氨氯吡啶酸对紫茎泽兰有性繁殖的影响  

Effect of Picloram on Sexual Reproduction of Eupatoriumadenophorum

作　　者：李小艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西昌学院动物科学学院,四川西昌615013

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2015年第4期95-99,共5页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省教育厅青年基金项目"西昌市紫茎泽兰生境下节肢动物分布格局的研究"(10ZB054);公益性行业(农业)科研专项"恶性外来入侵植物紫茎泽兰防控及利用技术研究与示范"(200803021)

摘　　要：为了对紫茎泽兰的防治提供参考依据,进行紫茎泽兰不同生育期喷施不同浓度24%氨氯吡啶酸水剂试验,研究其对紫茎泽兰开花结实及土壤中农药残留对植物种子萌发的影响。结果表明：花芽分化前期和花芽分化期喷施低剂量（3.2~25g/hm^2）的24%氨氯吡啶酸可延迟花期,降低种子量,但植株仍能进行有性繁殖,虽顶芽花序败育,但侧芽少量花序仍能开花结果;高剂量处理（50~100g/hm^2）能有效抑制紫茎泽兰生殖器官发育,均不能开花结实;花器官发育期喷施氨氯吡啶酸对紫茎泽兰有性繁殖控制效果较好,浓度25g/hm^2以上处理均不能结种;低剂量12.5g/hm^2处理单株种子量显著减少。结论：防治紫茎泽兰的有性繁殖最佳时期为花器官发育期,施药剂量高于25g/hm^2植株均不能产生种子,且喷施较高浓度的氨氯吡啶酸不仅可除治当季紫茎泽兰,还能抑制其来年植株生长,对土壤种子库更新影响较小。The effect of picloram （WA）on sexual reproduction and the effect of pesticide residue in soil on germination of plant seeds are studied by spraying 24% picloram WA with different concentrations to E.adenophorum at different growth stages to provide a reference base for controlling E.adenophorum. Spraying 3.2 ~ 25 g/hm^2 of 24% picloram at pre-differentiation stage and differentiation stage of E.adenophorum flower buds can delay flowering stage and reduce seed settling amount but E.adenophorum plants still can have the sexual reproduction capacity and a little capitulums on lateral buds can blossom and yield seeds.Spraying 50 ~ 100 g/hm^2 of 24% picloram can effectively inhibit reproductive organ’s development of E.adenophorum but E.adenophorum can not blossom and yield seeds.Spraying picloram at floral organ development stage of E.adenophorum has the good controlling effect on its sexual reproduction.Spraying picloram with above 25 g/hm^2 can inhibit seed setting and spraying 12.5 g/hm^2 picloram can reduce seed setting amount per E.adenophorum plant effectively.In conclusion, the optimum period of spraying picloram for controlling sexual reproduction of E.adenophorum is at floral organ development stage of E.adenophorum.Spraying picloram with above 25 g/hm^2 can inhibit seed setting and not only controls current E.adenophorum but also inhibits next E.adenophorum growth,which has a little influence on renewal of soil seed bank.

关 键 词：紫茎泽兰 24%氨氯吡啶酸水剂 抑制 繁殖特征 

分 类 号：S451.2[农业科学—植物保护]