被害人心理损害评估及救助方案  

Victims' Psychological Damage Assessment and Rescue Plan

作　　者：李婕[1] 罗大华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《心理技术与应用》2015年第5期29-33,共5页Psychology(Techniques and Applications)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目"中国公民司法公正感实证研究"(12YJAZH088)

摘　　要：科学地对被害人心理损害进行分类和评估,有益于建立更加公平、科学的补偿制度,帮助被害人得到最适合的救助,早日回归正常的社会生活。被害人心理损害的评估可以从犯罪类型与严重程度、被害人个人特征、社会支持系统以及社会对被害人的认知和态度几个维度进行,与之相应的可以从信息获得、实际帮助、情感支持三个方面制定综合救助方案。According to different sources of pain that victims feel, damage can be divided into three categories： body damage, property damage and psychological damage. Body damage and property damage are valued by judicial system, while victims＇ psy- chological damage assessment is always ignored. Psychological damage means psychopathic changes in the environment caused by psychological mechanisms, which is like clinical psychiatry post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder. In psycholog- ical view, it only refers to mental agony, psychological disorders and mental illness after personal crimes. It contains pain and suffering, mental shock, loss of enjoyment of life, loss of a shortened life expectancy and bereavement. Psychological damage can be divided into the short-term psychological damage and the long-term psychological damage. Based on the existing research, we can help victims rescue from the short-term psychological damage following five elements or principles： Promote a sense of safety, promote calming, promote a sense of self and collective efficacy, promote connectedness, and promote hope. These are very similar to the psychological first aid approach, which emphasize the reduction of immediate distress and the promotion of the individuals＇ own coping abilities. The long-term psychological damage and relief needs help from professional psychiatrists or psychotherapists, and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy is shown to be effective and should be offered. The psychological damage can be evaluated from four aspects： crime type and severity, victims＇ personal characteristics, so- cial support systems and social awareness and victims＇ attitudes. Therefore, a comprehensive rescue package can be made from information, practical help and emotional support. When victims obtain information from judicial system about how to do judicial investigation, whether the perpetrator confessed, how the judge makes decision and why the offender can be released on parole or commutation, their

关 键 词：被害人 心理损害 心理评估 救助方案 

分 类 号：D917.2[哲学宗教—心理学]