冷坩埚定向凝固Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb合金的拉伸与高周疲劳性能研究  

TENSILE AND HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED BY COLD CRUCIBLE METHOD

作　　者：丁宏升[1] 尚子博 王永喆[1] 陈瑞润[1] 郭景杰[1] 傅恒志[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院金属精密热加工国家级重点实验室,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《金属学报》2015年第5期569-579,共11页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目51171053和51471062;国家重点基础研究发展计划项目2011CB605504资助~~

摘　　要：采用冷坩埚定向凝固技术制备了定向柱状晶的Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb合金铸锭,在改变抽拉速率的情况下,所获得的铸锭具有不同片层间距的全片层组织.通过拉伸性能实验,测得其室温极限抗拉强度最高达到652 MPa,伸长率最大达到1.5%,而高温极限抗拉强度最高达到490 MPa,伸长率最大达到5.0%.通过高周疲劳性能实验,绘制了抽拉速率分别为1.0和1.2 mm/min时定向凝固合金的应力-循环次数(S-N)曲线以及应力比R为0.1时的疲劳极限值.对比断口形貌分析表明,室温时试样拉伸断裂方式为脆性断裂,而经高周疲劳实验后断裂方式为脆性解理断裂;高温时试样拉伸断裂方式则为大部分脆性断裂与少部分延性断裂并存.对高周疲劳试样断口的分析表明,疲劳裂纹在相界面和B2相附近萌生,据此基于塑性钝化理论分析了其裂纹扩展机制,并绘制了高周疲劳裂纹扩展模式图.Ti Al-based alloys have recently received considerable attention as one of the promising candidates for application in aero engine blades by replacing the Ni-based superalloys because of their unique properties, such as high specific strength, high specific stiffness and good oxidation resistance. However, there are some shortcomings limiting the application of Ti Al-based alloys, namely, their brittleness and poor processing properties. Nevertheless, aero engine blades usually suffer a variety of cyclic loadings during the period of services, which finally results in fatigue failure. According to statistics, fatigue failure, mainly high cycle fatigue（HCF）, occupies almost80% failure modes of gas turbine blades in aero engines. Consequently, more and more researches about fatigue behavior of blade materials have been done in the last tens of years. However, there are less relevant results about Ti Al-based alloys, especially HCF properties. Recently, the advancement of directional solidification（DS） of Ti Albased alloys using cold crucible has revealed that the ductility can be enhanced at room and elevated temperature.For purpose to verify the influence of DS structures on the tensile and HCF properties, Ti Al-based alloy in composition with Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb（atomic fraction, %） was prepared and evaluated in this work. Directionally solidified Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy ingots with different withdrawal rates（1.0, 1.2 and 1.4 mm/min） were prepared by cold crucible method under alter electromagnetic field in a vacuum furnace. Based on these ingots, macro and microstructures have been characterized by methods of digital camera, OM, SEM and XRD. Furthermore, the tensile properties at room and high temperature（800 ℃） as well as HCF properties at room temperature have been measured respectively. So, the relationship between microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti Al-based alloy, especially HCF properties, was demonstrated reasonably and mechanism in which HCF cracks propagated was discussed.The

关 键 词：Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb合金 定向凝固 冷坩埚 拉伸性能 高周疲劳 

分 类 号：TG113.25[金属学及工艺—物理冶金] TG136[金属学及工艺—金属学]