四川新津宝墩遗址的植硅体分析  

Phytolith Analysis from the Baodun Archaeological Site, Xinjin, Sichuan

作　　者：陈涛[1,2] 江章华 何锟宇 杨洋[3] Jade d’Alpoim GUEDES 蒋洪恩[1,2] 胡耀武[1,2] 王昌燧[1,2] 吴妍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所、中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院大学科技史与科技考古系,北京100049 [3]成都文物考古研究所,成都610071 [4]Department of Anthropology,Washington State University,Pullman WA 99163

出　　处：《人类学学报》2015年第2期225-233,共9页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB953803);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41472145)资助

摘　　要：农业是文明产生的深厚基础。成都平原是长江上游地区文明起源的中心,探讨其史前农业的经济形态一直是学术界关心的热点问题。本文拟对新津宝墩遗址的文化层剖面及两处灰坑的样品进行植硅体分析,并结合浮选结果,以期探讨宝墩遗址农业经济状况。研究结果表明,宝墩文化层中,存在大量具有驯化特征的产于水稻叶秆的扇型和横排双裂片型(哑铃型)植硅体以及产于水稻稃壳的双峰型植硅体,同时还存在少量黍稃壳植硅体碎片。水稻扇型植硅体多呈典型的驯化形态,总体尺寸较大,其测量数据符合粳稻植硅体特征。这表明宝墩先民的经济结构是以稻作农业为主,兼有粟作农业。Ancient civilization is mostly founded on well-developed agricultural economies, with the Chengdu Plain considered to be the ＂civilization center＂ of the upper Yangtze region in China. From result of floatation and phytolith analysis on cultural layers and from two pits at the Baodun site, we obtained archaeobotanical knowledge that can be used to interpret localagricultural economies. In this study, we found abundant cuneiform bulliform cell and parallel- bilobate short cell phytoliths from rice leaves, and double-peaked cell phytoliths from the glume of rice. A small amount of husk phytoliths from common millet were also present. Our results demonstrate that the general size of the cuneiform bulliform cell phytoliths are big and fit well with Oryza sativa L. ssp. Japonica. Thus, we conclude that the agricultural economy of the ancient Baodun people was based mainly on rice and supplemented by millet.

关 键 词：成都平原 宝墩遗址 植硅体 稻作农业 粟作农业 新石器时代 

分 类 号：Q914.22[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]