云南元谋小河组脊棱齿象（Stegolophodon）化石新材料  

NEW MATERIAL OF STEGOLOPHDON FROM THE UPPER MIOCENE XIAOHE FORMATION, YUANMOU BASIN, YUNNAN PROVINCE

作　　者：王世骐[1,2,3] 付丽娅 张家华 李田广 吉学平 Jaroon Duangkrayom 韩榕韬 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心,北京100101 [3]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,中国科学院资源地层学与古地理学重点实验室,南京210008 [4]楚雄彝族自治州博物馆,楚雄675000 [5]云南省文物考古研究所,昆明650118 [6]Northeastern Research Institute of Petrified Wood and Mineral Resources, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2015年第3期573-583,共11页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目（973项目）（批准号：2012cB821900）、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目（批准号：XDB03020104）、国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：41372001,41430102和41202017）、重启楚雄州古人类起源研究项目和中国科学院资源地层学与古地理学重点实验室专项项目（中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所）共同资助

摘　　要：文章报道了云南元谋盆地上中新统小河组芝麻大村小夹巷巷地点的脊棱齿象属（Stegolophodon）的新化石材料：包括一完整的、轻度磨耗的左上第二臼齿,和一不完整的、重度磨耗的右上第三臼齿.第二臼齿和第三臼齿主齿柱中附锥和前中心小尖愈合;后中心小尖很弱小;前二脊发育中沟,且几乎排成一条直线,仅主齿柱的中附锥比主尖略微靠前;第三臼齿的后三脊略向前弯.这些特征与西瓦利克道克派珊组的剑齿象型脊棱齿象（Stegolophodon stegodontoides）形态上十分相似,可归为同一种.元谋盆地小河组此前发现的所谓“Stegolophodon banguoensis”和“Stegolophodon aff.banguoensis”经比较均可以归为此种.小河组的磁性地层年代约为8.3～ 7.2Ma,而相距不远的昭通盆地出产最原始的剑齿象Stegodon zhaotongensis的层位的磁性地层年代约为6.5～6.OMa,因此,剑齿象型脊棱齿象代表了脊棱齿象演化到晚中新世中期的进步类型,此后,脊棱齿象便迅速演化为剑齿象.小河组的剑齿象型脊棱齿象的新材料,能为这一幕演化历史提供生物年代学和形态学的双重证据.We report on newly discovered material of Stegolophodon from the Xiaojiaxiangxiang Quarry（25°58＇19.18＂N, 101°47＇24.31＂E, elevation 1248.8m）, Zhima Big Village, Zhima Subbasin of the Yuanmou Basin, Yunnan Province, belonging to the Upper Miocene Xiaohe Formation.The Xiaohe Formation yields a typical Late Miocene fauna including an ape, Lufengpithecus hudienensis.Stegolophodon is the most important proboscidean in the Xiaohe Fauna and in most Late Miocene faunas of southern China.However, this genus has not been sufficiently studied. Stegolophodon is an important genus representing an intermediate evolutionary stage between primitive gomphotheres and derived Stegodon. It is also a problematic taxon with numerous established species.Most of these species are based on very little material and should be further revised.Our new material includes a complete, slightly worn left M2 and an incomplete, deeply worn right M3.Important morphological features of the two teeth are as follows： pretrite mesoconelets and corresponding anterior central conules are fused, posterior pretrite central conules are very weak, medium sulcus are developed on the first two lophs which are almost arranged in line, and the posterior three lophs of the M3 are slightly curving anteriorly.These features are very similar to the type specimen of Sl.stegodontoides from the Dhok Pathan Formation of Siwalik, and thus they are suitable to be attributed into the same species.We also attributed the previous reported stegodontids from the Xiaohe Formation-Sl.banguoensis and Sl. aff.banguoensis- to Sl.stegodontoides based on similarities in morphology. Furthermore, we compare the new material with other known species of Stegolophodon. The new material differs from Sl.hueiheensis in possessing more lophs in M3 and in lacking enamel furrows and enamel conules, differs from members of Sl.pseudolatidens group（i.e.Sl.pseudolatidens, Sl.tsudai, and Sl.miyakoae）in slightly larger posterior pretrite central conules and in slightly less straig

关 键 词：元谋盆地 小河组 脊棱齿象 剑齿象 晚中新世 

分 类 号：Q911.3[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] Q915.878[生物学—古生物学]