孢粉记录的新疆地区新近纪植被格局与气候环境演化  

NEOGENE VEGETATION PATTERN, CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT EVOLUTION IN XINJIANG REGION： A SYNTHESIS OF POLLEN RECORDS

作　　者：姚轶锋[1] 王霞[1,2] 谢淦[1,2] 王宇飞[1] 李承森[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室,北京100093 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2015年第3期683-697,共15页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划“全球变化研究”项目（批准号：2014CB954201）、国家自然科学基金面上项目（批准号：41271222）和国家留学基金项目（批准号：201204910043）共同资助

摘　　要：新近纪是地球气候系统由古近纪温室气候向第四纪冰室气候转变的一个关键过渡阶段.本文综述了近30年来新疆地区新近纪孢粉资料,通过时空对比,认识了该地区新近纪植被与气候环境格局特征.中新世早期新疆地区总体气候温暖湿润,大部分地区发育森林植被,局部地区发育草原植被;晚期气候温暖干旱,准噶尔区的独山子、塔里木区的罗布泊和库车盆地开始出现草原植被,准噶尔区的金沟河出现荒漠植被,其他地区为森林植被或森林-草原植被.上新世时期,气候干旱化显著加剧,准噶尔区、塔里木区和昆仑区都出现草原和荒漠草原.晚新生代全球变冷和青藏高原、昆仑山山脉、天山山脉的加速抬升可能是导致新疆地区植被与气候环境格局形成和中亚地区干旱化的两个主要因素.而研究地点的地形地貌、雨影效应、迎风和背风等因素以及古特提斯海退却可能是其他应当考虑的次要因素.Neogene（23.0~2.6Ma, including Miocene and Pliocene） is an important transitional stage from the greenhouse climate of the Palaeogene to the icehouse climate of the Quaternary.During this period, numerous climatic, tectonic and biotic key events occurred on earth, such as the formation of the Antarctic ice sheet, enhancement of the Asian monsoon, acceleration of Tibetan Plateau uplift and expansion of C4 grasses.The study on vegetation, climate and environment in this time interval is crucial and useful for understanding the formation of their present pattern.Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located in the internal arid area of Northwestern China, with a typical continental climate.The Neogene strata of Xinjiang distribute widely and can be divided into five regions from north to south, viz.Junggar, Tianshan, Tarim, Kunlun and Kalakunlun.Since the eighties of twenty century, more emphasis was concentrated on the northern and southern slopes of Tianshan Mountain such as Junggar and Tarim regions, especially the Cenozoic deposits from the foreland basin of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain where a large number of researches have been done, including mammals, ostracoda, tectonic deformation and magnetostratigraphy.The Late Cenozoic vegetation is related to tectonic event in the Asian high latitude region, so palynological study is helpful in deciphering the interrelationship between orogeny and climate change.This paper reviews the Neogene palynological literature published during the last three decades in Xinjiang region, and the vegetation pattern, climate and environment evolution in the Neogene were recognized by means of temporal and spatial comparison.In the Early Miocene, forest vegetation （mainly needle- and broad-leaved mixed forest） flourished in most areas of Xinjiang due to the warm and humid climatic conditions, with the exception of steppe vegetation growing in partial area.During the Late Miocene, the climate became warm and dry.Steppe vegetation （mainly Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae�

关 键 词：孢粉 新疆 新近纪 植被格局 气候环境演化 

分 类 号：Q913.84[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] P532[生物学—古生物学]