12—15世纪英国交换经济发展原因探  

Reasons of Exchange Economy Development in England from 12th to 15th Century

作　　者：马泽民[1] 

机构地区：[1]绵阳师范学院历史文化与旅游管理学院,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《北方论丛》2015年第3期113-118,共6页The Northern Forum

基　　金：四川省教育厅重点课题"工业革命前中西方政府对农产品价格干预的比较研究"(14SA0098);绵阳师范学院博士科研启动项目"中世纪英国农业价格与经济社会变迁研究"(QD2013B08)

摘　　要：英国中世纪曾长期被认为是以庄园为基础的自给自足经济。随着对庄园账簿资料的挖掘和对庄园管理的深入探讨,自给自足只是中世纪经济发展的一个阶段。12—15世纪,领主和农民普遍卷入了广泛的市场交易,交换经济取得迅速发展。究其原因,主要有四个方面:一是分工获得了较快发展,非农产业从农业中分离,为交换经济发展提供了前提;二是形成了完整的货币体系,为交换提供了便利的中介工具;三是市场和集市的广泛建立,马代替牛成为了主要运输工具,减少了交易的距离和时间,降低了交易成本,是交换经济发展的助推剂;四是政治经济发展的需求是交换经济持续发展的动力源泉。Medieval England has been taken grand as self - sufficient economy on the base of manor for a long time. With sor- ting out important sources of manor accounts and the in - depth discussion of estate management, the opinion of self - sufficient econo- my as only a part of meideval development is extensively agreed with. In fact, There is a great progress in the development of ex- change economy in England from12th to 15th century. As far as reasons, four facors are important. Firstly, Division, especially non -aricuhural industries seperating from agricultural sections, provides prime condition for exchange development. Secondly, a com- plete system of currency is established as a convenient tool of mediation. Thirdly, Both the foundation of various of markets and exten- sive use of horse stead of cattle as the main means of transport contribute a lot to reduce the distance and time to deal, and therefor, decline the transaction cost. Finally, needs of governance and economy form the source of exchange economy development. ：

关 键 词：12—15世纪 英国 交换经济 

分 类 号：F156.1[经济管理—世界经济] K561.32[历史地理—历史学]