沼气厌氧发酵生物催化剂研究进展与展望  

Recent Progress and Outlook of Biocatalysts for Anaerobic Fermentation in Biogas Production Process

作　　者：张仙梅[1] 云斯宁[1] 杜玉凤[1] 杜婷婷[1] 盖国胜[2] 张万钦[3] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学材料与矿资学院,西安710055 [2]清华大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100084 [3]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100094

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第5期141-155,共15页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：'十二五'国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAD47B02);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51374136)

摘　　要：综述了国内外厌氧发酵用多功能催化剂(如微生物、酶、营养物质、吸附剂、消泡剂、螯合剂及染料等)的研究进展,强调了催化剂在厌氧发酵中的作用,讨论了沼气发酵菌群、工艺控制和系统处理废弃物等方面的关键问题,突出了使用催化剂的技术优势,并对催化剂在厌氧发酵中应用的未来发展趋势进行了展望。沼气的生产不仅使生物质资源得到深度开发和循环利用,而且实现了废弃物无害化处理及多层次的资源化利用,变废为宝、化害为利,对解决人类社会所面临的能源危机和环境污染具有重大的意义。The recent progress of multifunctional catalysts, such as microbes, bacterium, enzymes, microelements, adsorbents, foaming agents, chelating agents, dyes, inhibitors and so on, used in the anaerobic fermentation was reviewed. This paper also emphasized the roles of the biocatalysts in the process of anaerobic fermentation, discussed the several critical issues in the fermenting methane bacterium, process control, waste disposal using a systematic processing and highlighted the advantages of the use of catalysts for fermenting methane. Also, the perspective of the biocatalysts in anaerobic fermentation was given. The biogas production can not only make biomass resources deeply developed and recycled, but also cause the waste harmlessly treated and effectively utilized, transforming the trash into treasure and making the harm to benefit, which are of great practical significance to solve the present energy crisis and environmental pollution problems.

关 键 词：厌氧发酵 生物催化剂 产气量 微生物 微量元素 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] O643.36[农业科学—农业工程]