环境约束条件下景区旅游效率与旅游生产率评估  

Estimation of Tourism Efficiency and Tourism Productivity of Scenic Areas Under Environmental Constraints

作　　者：查建平[1,2] 王挺之[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化(旅游)学院,四川成都610064 [2]西南政法大学管理学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2015年第5期92-99,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目"可持续发展实验区低碳产业发展关键技术集成与示范"(编号:2014SZ0091)

摘　　要：旅游活动不仅能够为景区创造经济效益,而且也给生态环境体系形成负面影响,因而对环境约束下景区旅游效率与旅游生产率进行测度具有重要意义。本研究参照网络DEA与方向性环境距离函数法,将环境因素纳入景区旅游效率与旅游生产率测度框架,结合以景区碳足迹表征的生态环境压力指标,构建了考虑环境因素的景区旅游效率与旅游生产率测度模型,规避了传统DEA方法的"黑箱"问题,更为准确地涵盖了环境治理效率。以四川省成都市26家景区为评估对象的研究结果显示,各景区旅游效率存在较大差异,多数景区旅游生产率差异受旅游服务产品生产环节效率主导,囊括环境治理效率的旅游效率与旅游生产率评估更为科学、合理。最后本文在发展理念、旅游服务产品结构、能源结构、碳汇增加等方面针对景区旅游经济发展提出对策建议。Tourism activities not only bring scenic areas ecomomic benefits, but also give negative pressure to ecological environment system, thus it is significant to evaluate tourism efficiency and tourism productivity. The paper builded an estimation model of tourism efficiency and tourism productivity under environmental constraints on scenic areas referring to network DEA and directional environment distance function, and integrated environmental considerations into tourism efficiency and productivity measurement framework with the carbon footprint of scenic areas as an eco-environmental pressure indicator. Needless to say, the model resolved the problem of “black box” of the conventional DEA model, and had an accurate evaluating result. In addition, the paper selected 26 scenic areas in Sichuan Province to test the model. The results show that there is a big difference among various scenic areas on tourism efficiency, the tourism productivity of most tourist attractions is dominated by the efficiency of production processes of tourism services, and the estimation of tourism efficiency and tourism productivity, which encompass environmental governance effciency, is more scientific and reasonable. Finally, the low-carbon development strategies are provided for these scenic areas in changing developmental idea, optimizing the structure of tourism product and energy structure, as well increasing carbon sink capacity.

关 键 词：旅游效率 旅游生产率 环境 网络数据包络 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理] F205[经济管理—产业经济]