非道路柴油机排放颗粒物中的重金属形态及其风险评价  

Speciation and risk assessment of heavy metals in particle matter emitted from non-road diesel engine

作　　者：董黎明[1] 刘俊女 赖花 赵钰[1] 张海金[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学环境科学与工程系,北京100048 [2]北京市机动车排放管理中心,北京100176 [3]北京工商大学外国语学院,北京100048

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2015年第5期55-60,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金资助项目(No.8112012);北京市教育委员会科技计划面上项目(No.KM201310011005);北京市学科建设-重点学科-环境工程项目(No.PXM2014_014213_000037)

摘　　要：采集6种典型非道路柴油机排放的颗粒物样品，利用BCR连续提取法分析了颗粒物中重金属的形态。结果表明，6种典型非道路柴油机的颗粒物比排放达154～343mg／（kW·h），小功率的非道路柴油机颗粒物比排放较高；各重金属平均质量浓度排序为Zn~Cr〉As〉Mn~Pb〉Ni≈Cu≈Cd，重金属总量约占颗粒物质量的2．22％；Ni和Cu以有机物结合态为主，其他重金属均以残渣态为主，约占总提取形态的71-83％～96．74％；所有非道路柴油机颗粒物中均存在有机物结合态重金属且比例较高，说明排放颗粒物中有机污染物和重金属结合紧密。基于风险评价法和污染系数法对重金属的生态风险进行评价，结果表明，非道路柴油机排放颗粒物中Cd的生态风险最高，Pb、Cr和Mn的风险次之。The samples of particle matter emitted from six typical non-road diesel engine were collected and the specia- tion of heavy metal was further analyzed with BCR sequential extraction procedure. Results showed that the specific emission of these non-road diesel engine ranged from 154 to a4a mg/（kW· h） ,and the low net power engines seemed to have higher emission of particle matter. The rank order of the average concentration of extracted heavy metals was Zn〉Cr〉As〉Mn〉 Pb〉Ni≈Cu≈Cd. The sum of the extracted heavy metals was approximate 2.220//00 of particle matter. Ni and Cu had the most organic matter related fraction,the other heavy metals all had the most residual fraction of 71.83G-96.74% among all species. The organic matter related fraction existed in all heavy metals with relative high proportion, which indicated the tight relationship between organic pollutant and heavy metals in those particle matter emitted from non-road diesel engines. With the methods of risk assessment code and contaminant coefficient,the results suggested that Cd in the particle matter had the highest ecological risk and then were Pb,Cr and Mn.

关 键 词：非道路柴油机 颗粒物 重金属 形态 风险评价 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X701