利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱导小麦-华山新麦草染色体易位的研究  

Study on Inducing Chromosome Translocation of Wheat(Triticum aestivum)-Psathyrostachys huashanica Using Ethylmethylsulfone(EMS)

作　　者：敬樊 王亮明[1] 武军[1] 杜万里[1] 王秀娟[1] 苏佳妮[1] 昝凯 赵继新[1] 陈新宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2015年第5期561-570,共10页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：农业部948项目(2013-Z28);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目(No.2013JZ007);西北农林科技大学唐仲英育种基金

摘　　要：小麦(Triticum aestivum)种质24-3-1是通过染色体工程手段获得的一个高抗条锈病的小麦-华山新麦草二体异附加系。为了提高其遗传稳定性,促进华山新麦草(Psathyrostachys huashanica)优异基因的有效利用,对24-3-1进行甲基磺酸乙酯(ethylmethylsulfone,EMS)化学处理来诱导易位系。本研究利用细胞学和基因组原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)对其M2进行鉴定和易位系的筛选,并分析了不同EMS浓度对小麦-华山新麦草染色体易位的诱导效应。结果显示,在930个M2单株中共检测出了61个含有小麦-华山新麦草易位染色体的植株,易位频率为6.56%。其中7个单株检测出含有1条易位染色体,5个单株检测出含有1条易位染色体+1条华山新麦草染色体,20个单株检测出含有2条易位染色体,3个单株检测出含有3条易位染色体,26个单株检测出含有4条易位染色体。根尖细胞学观察和基因组原位杂交证明,含有2条易位染色体的单株为小麦-华山新麦草易位系;含有4条易位染色体的单株为小麦-华山新麦草易位-易位附加系。1.0%EMS为诱导小麦-华山新麦草染色体易位的最适浓度。本研究不仅为小麦特殊遗传材料的建立提供了重要的基因资源,同时也为小麦育种提供了新的种质。The germplasm 24-3-1 is a wheat （Triticum aestivum）-Psathyrostachys huashanica disomic alien addition line which is selected by means of chromosome engineering, and has high resistance to wheat stripe rust. In order to improve its genetic stability, and promote the effective utilization of the agronomic genes of Psathyrostachys huashanica, 24-3-1 was treated by ethylmethylsulfone （EMS） for inducing translocation lines. M2 plants with translocation chromosomes were identified by cytology analysis and genomic in situ hybridization （GISH）, and the inductive effect of different concentrations of EMS was analyzed. This study identified 61 plants with wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica translocation chromosomes from 930 M2 plants, and the translocation frequency was 6.56%. Of the 61 plants, 7 plants were detected with 1 translocation chromosome and 5 plants with 1 translocation chromosome and 1 Psathyrostachys huashanica chromosome; in addition, 20 plants, 3 plants, and 26 plants were detected with 2, 3 and 4 translocation chromosomes, respectively. The cytological observation of root-tip cell and GISH analysis indicated that the plants with 2 translocation chromosomes were wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica translocation lines; and the plants with 4 translocation chromosomes were wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica translocation-translocation addition lines. This study also showed that 1.0% EMS was an optimal concentration to induce wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica chromosome translocation. Furthermore, the research not only provides important genetic resources for wheat special genetic materials establishment, but also provides new germplasms in wheat breeding.

关 键 词：小麦 甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS) 华山新麦草 易位系 基因组原位杂交(GISH) 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]