上游洪峰流量对堰塞坝漫顶溃决影响试验研究  

Experimental Study on Reservoir Inflow Affected to Overtopping Outburst of Barrier Dam

作　　者：王子豪[1] 陈昊[1,2] 何利君[1] 杨华[1] 周宏伟[1] 李明忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学水利水电学院,四川成都610065 [2]四川省水利水电勘测设计研究院,四川成都610072

出　　处：《人民黄河》2015年第5期38-41,共4页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41102194);四川大学青年教师科研启动基金资助项目(2012SCU11063)

摘　　要：考虑堰塞湖上游洪峰流量对堰塞坝溃决过程的影响,以4种不同上游洪峰流量为变量进行8组水槽试验,观测溃坝过程和溃口的变化,总结堰塞坝漫顶溃决的4个阶段,即漫顶下渗阶段、大通道形成阶段、大通道快速冲刷阶段和稳定阶段。结果表明:最大溃口流量随上游洪峰流量的增大呈对数型增长趋势,上游洪峰流量的增大对溃坝过程影响明显,具体表现为上游洪峰流量越大,快速冲刷时间越短,溃口发展和二次垮塌的平均速率和规模越大,且溃口洪水过程由单一的水位涨落变为持续性高水位过程。Taking the impact of upstream reservoir peak discharge in outburst of barrier dam into account, eight flume experiments with the variable of four kinds of reservoir inflows were designed, observing dam breaking process and change of breach. Four stages of dam - break were classified, i.e. overtopping ＆ infiltration, formation of main channel, rapid scour of main channel and the final steady stage. The results show that with the increase of reservoir inflow, peak discharge of the breach has a trend of logarithmic growth. The increase of reservoir inflow has obviously affected the dam breaking process. The greater the reservoir inflow is, the shorter duration of rapid scour will be, and the larger scale of the development of breach and additional collapse will be happened. With the increase of reservoir inflow, the breach flood of simple fluctuation of water level changes to a procedure of sustained flood.

关 键 词：堰塞坝 洪峰流量 溃坝过程 二次垮塌 水槽试验 

分 类 号：TV122.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]