作物实时灌溉预报中有效降雨量的计算方法  

The Calculation Method of Effective Rainfall in the Real-Time Irrigation Forecasting of Crop

作　　者：马建琴[1] 何胜[1] 郝秀平[1] 

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学,河南郑州450011

出　　处：《人民黄河》2015年第5期138-142,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划项目(15HASTIT046);郑州市科技创新团队项目(131PCXTD595);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(15A570008)

摘　　要：为改进作物实时灌溉模型中有效降雨量的取值方法、提高实时灌溉预报的精度,针对已有研究模型中有效降雨量取值方法不符合作物生长规律的不足,通过冬小麦灌溉监测试验以及气象资料,基于水量平衡原理计算冬小麦有效降雨量,建立降雨量与有效降雨量的相关关系,并应用在郑州地区不同水分处理的冬小麦实时作物系数修正和灌溉模拟中。结果表明:用土壤水量平衡法计算的有效降雨量来修正的逐日作物系数更符合冬小麦生长规律,提高了实时灌溉模拟的精度。通过土壤水量平衡法计算的有效降雨量真实反映了田间作物短期水分变化,可以为实现精准灌溉提供技术支撑。In order to improve the method of effective rainfall in real - time irrigation model and the accuracy of real - time irrigation forecas- ting of crops, the correlation between rainfall and effective rainfall was established to solve the problems that effective rainfall was not in conformity with the crop growth rule in the model, which was based on winter wheat irrigation experiment, meteorological data and the principle of water balance , applied in different water treatment in winter wheat crop coefficient of real - time correction and irrigation forecasting in Zhengzhou. The results show that： using the effective rainfall from the soil water balance method to calculate correction of the daily crop coefficient correction, the result conforms to the growth law of winter wheat better, and this method improves the precision of real - time irrigation forecasting. The effective rainfall from the soil water balance method can reflect the changes of real short - term moisture of the field, and provide theoretical basis for winter wheat water - saving and establish economic and reasonable system of real - time irrigation.

关 键 词：有效降雨量 实时灌溉 作物系数 冬小麦 土壤水量平衡法 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]