喀斯特坡耕地微地貌特征及土壤质量评价  

Micro-Geomorphology Characteristics and Soil Quality Evaluation of Slope Farmland in Karst Area

作　　者：程富东[1,2] 戴全厚 王玲玲 王佩将[3] 

机构地区：[1]贵州林业勘察设计有限公司,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102

出　　处：《中国水土保持》2015年第5期67-71,77,共5页Soil and Water Conservation in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41461057);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题(2011BAC02B02);贵州省重大应用基础专项(黔科合JZ字〔2014〕2002);贵州省喀斯特生态与环境专业学位研究生工作站(黔教研合JYSZ字〔2014〕003)

摘　　要：以典型喀斯特坡耕地为研究对象,采用野外样方调查,以土壤侵蚀现状为基础,分析微地貌成因,结合坡耕地外部特征划分裸岩、土被、土窝、土槽、土面5种微地貌类型。采用K-均值聚类分析,划分土面型、土面-土槽型、土面-裸岩型、土面-土窝型、土面-土被型5种基本微地貌类型组合。选择方差/均值比率法研究微地貌空间分布格局,运用主成分分析法评价微地貌土壤质量,结果表明:土面、土槽、土窝、土被在坡耕地的空间分布属于均匀分布,裸岩呈集群分布;土面土壤质量全部属于第一等级,土槽属于第二等级,土窝72.45%属于第三等级、27.55%属于第四等级,土被1.65%属于第三等级、8.92%属于第四等级、89.43%属于第五等级。The paper analyzed the cause of formation of micro-geomorphology by taking typical Karst slope farmland as an object of study,using field samplings and taking the present status of soil erosion as a basis and divided into 5 types of micro-geomorphology of bare rock,soil cover,soil groove,soil nest and soil surface according to the appearance features of slope farmland. It divided 5 basic types of combinations of micro-geomorphology of soil surface,soil surface-soil groove,soil surface-bare rock,soil surface-soil nest and soil surface-soil cover by using K-means clustering analysis. It studied the spatial distribution pattern of micro-geomorphology by using variance / mean ratio method and evaluated the soil quality by using principal component analysis. The outcomes show that a) the spatial distribution of soil surface,soil nest,soil groove and soil cover in slope farmland are even distribution and bare rock shows cluster distribution and; b) the soil quality of soil surface all belongs to class one,soil nest belongs to class two,72. 45% of soil groove belongs to class three and 27. 55% belongs to class four and1. 65% of soil cover belongs to class three,8. 92% belongs to class four and 89. 43% belongs to class five.

关 键 词：喀斯特地区 坡耕地 微地貌 空间分布 土壤质量 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]