基于DEA-Malmquist模型的中国旅行社业发展效率特征分析  

An Analysis of the Efficiency Characteristics of the Travel Agency Industry of China Based on A DEA-Malmquist Model

作　　者：胡志毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,重庆400047

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2015年第5期23-30,共8页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家旅游局旅游业青年专家培养计划项目"基于区位论的传统旅行社空间布局研究"(TYETP201339)资助~~

摘　　要：随着我国旅行社数量和经营规模的不断增长,旅行社业发展效率及其区域差异值得关注。文章运用DEAMalmquist模型,评价了中国旅行社业技术效率、全要素生产率变动特征及省际差异,通过与区域旅游化指数的对应分析,探讨了旅行社发展效率与区域旅游业整体水平之间的对应关系。研究结果表明:(1)2000—2009年间,中国旅行社业技术效率逐步提高,主要得益于规模效率的提高。(2)其间旅行社业全要素生产率年均上升3.3%。其中技术进步年均提升2.6%,是我国旅行社业全要素生产率上升的主要驱动力。(3)东部和中部地区旅行社全要素生产率增长速度明显高于西部地区,技术进步变化是西部旅行社业发展的主要制约因素。(4)各省域旅行社发展效率与区域旅游化水平的对应关系存在同步变化和背离发展两种情况。Optimization of the spatial structure of the Chinese tourism industry as a whole, and that of the travel agency industry as its major sector, is necessary and will be a recognizable trend in the coming decades in China. However, there have been remarkably few studies related to the spatial structure of the Chinese travel agency industry and its optimization modes. In these, the focus has mainly been on identifying and explaining regional differences in the number of travel agents. As a consequence, the question of development efficiency in this industry, and any discrepancies in this among different regions, has been overlooked. In recent years, a method of data envelopment analysis （DEA） have been introduced and generally accepted as being potentially useful in the examination of development efficiency in the tourism industry, both in China and internationally. But no effort has been made to apply this method to the Chinese travel agency industry. In this paper, a DEA-Malmquist Index model is used to analyze the technical efficiency and total factor productivity of Chinese travel agencies during the period 2000 - 2009, including any differences among the 31 provincial regions of China. Based on this analysis, a comparison between travel agency efficiency characteristics and the tourism development index of these provincial regions is made, and the relationships between tourism industry development level as a whole and the travel agency industry as a special sector are discussed. Conclusions can be drawn as follows： （1） the technical efficiency of the travel agency industry gradually increased during 2000 - 2009, and this change can mainly be ascribed to increases in scale efficiency; （2） at the same time, total factor productivity, technical efficiency, and technical progress efficiency achieved respective annual increases of 3.3%, 2.6%, and 0.6%. These patterns indicate that change in technical progress efficiency is the major driving force in the growth of the total factor productivity of the Chi

关 键 词：数据包络分析 MALMQUIST指数 旅行社业 效率特征 区域差异 

分 类 号：F592.6[经济管理—旅游管理]