11728例狂犬疫苗接种者的免疫效果监测分析  

Analysis of rabies vaccine immune effect in 11728 patients

作　　者：曾雪梅[1] 韦利玲 李柳芳[1] 胡玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心预防性健康体科,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2015年第10期1864-1865,1877,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解狂犬疫苗的免疫效果及其影响因素,为预防与控制狂犬病提供依据。方法对南宁市2008-2013年共11 728例狂犬病暴露者全程接种狂犬疫苗15 d后,采用ELISA法检测狂犬抗体水平。结果接种疫苗后抗体总阳性率达97.98%(11 491/11 728),不同年份阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=137.14,P<0.05)。2-1-1程序(4针法)接种后阳性率为96.06%,低于传统的5针法98.92%,不同免疫程序狂犬抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=105.45,P<0.05)。低年龄组人群的抗体阳转率高于高年龄组人群,(χ2=124.98,P<0.05)。不同性别抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.07,P>0.05)。夏季接种抗体阳性率为96.68%,冬季阳性率为99.75%,各季节接种抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=108.09,P<0.05)。结论不同免疫程序、年龄、季节对狂犬疫苗的免疫效果均有影响,狂犬疫苗常规免疫后进行抗体检测十分重要,对未产生抗体者应及时进行加强免疫,确保免疫效果。Objective This study was to evaluate the immune effect and influencing factors of rabies vaccine, in order to provide scientific basis for rabies prevention in Nanning. Methods During 2008～2003, a total of 11728 patients exposed to rabies in Nanning City received rabies vaccine, and at 15 days after vaccination the level of rabies antibody was detected by ELISA. Results The rabies antibody positive rate was 97.98%（11491/11728）, with statistically significant difference between years（χ^2=137.14, P〈0.05）. By the 2-1-1（4 PIN） rabies vaccination procedure, the positive rate was 96.06% after inoculation, lower than that of the traditional 5 PIN procedure（98.92%）, therefore the difference between immune procedures was statistically significant（χ^2=105.45,P〈0.05）. The positive rate was also significantly related to age, with higher rate to younger people（χ^2=124.98, P 〈0.05）, and season,with the positive rate of 96.68% in summer and 99.75% in winter（χ^2=108.09, P〈0.05）. Gender had no significant effect on the positive rate（χ^2=1.07, P〉0.05）. Conclusion The positive rate of rabies antibody was affected by different vaccination procedures,age, and season of vaccination. It is necessary for patients in whom rabies antibody is not detected to take booster immunization for effective immunization.

关 键 词：狂犬疫苗 免疫接种 阳性率 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学] R186[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]