欧盟成员国外交政策欧洲化的因果机制  

The Causal Mechanism of the Europeanization of the EU Members' Foreign Policies

作　　者：刘宏松[1] 万天葳 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2015年第5期79-99,158-159,共21页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：2014年度复旦大学陈树渠比较政治发展研究中心"国家治理体系比较研究"跨学科学术工作坊基金项目"欧盟成员国外交政策欧洲化的因果机制"(项目编号:CCPDS-FudanNDKT14004)的研究成果;上海外国语大学第二届青年教师科研创新团队项目;上海高校一流学科建设项目(项目编号:2013GXYLXKZZXGG)的资助

摘　　要：欧盟成员国外交政策欧洲化发生于非等级制的制度环境。为解释这一现象,一些学者引入了社会化概念。既有研究认为,欧盟成员国外交政策欧洲化的因果机制是基于规范的社会化。作者在既有研究基础上,提出了欧盟成员国外交政策欧洲化过程中基于规范的社会化与基于利益的社会化共同作用的因果机制,并以英国在对华军售解禁议题上的政策变化为案例,对这一机制进行了经验说明。欧盟成员国外交政策欧洲化的实现程度由规范社会化机制和利益社会化机制的叠加效应决定。决定规范社会化效应的主要因素是规范强度。利益社会化效应则主要受社会化实施主体的成功实践和外部激励两个因素影响。在规范强度不高的情况下,利益社会化将对欧盟成员国外交政策欧洲化产生关键性影响。如果欧盟成员国在其他成员国的劝说下相信接受某一政策路线可以获得较高的预期收益,外交政策欧洲化就很可能在规范社会化机制和利益社会化机制的共同作用下成功实现。反之,则难以实现外交政策欧洲化。The Europeanization of the EU members' foreign policies takes place in non-hierarchical institutional environment and the concept of socialization was introduced to explain this phenomenon.The existing studies argue that the causal mechanism of the Europeanization of the EU members' foreign policies is norm-based socialization.Based on the existing studies,this article advances the causal mechanism of norm-based socialization with interest-based socialization in the Europeanization of the EU members' foreign policies and provides an empirical demonstration for this mechanism with the case of Britain's policy change on the issue of lifting arms embargo on China.The level of Europeanization of the EU members' foreign policies depends on the combined effect of norm-based socialization and interest-based socialization.The key factor which determines the effect of norm-based socialization is norm potency,and the effect of interest-based socialization is primarily influenced by the socializer's successful practice and external incentives.Without potent norms,interest-based socialization will influence the Europeanization of the EU members' foreign policies crucially.If an EU member is convinced by other members' persuasion that a particular policy could lead to more expected benefits,it is very likely that the combined effect of norm-based socialization and interest-based socialization will result in the Europeanization of foreign policies.Otherwise,it would be difficult to Europeanize the EU member's foreign policy.

关 键 词：欧盟 外交政策 欧洲化 社会化 

分 类 号：D814.1[政治法律—国际关系] D85[政治法律—政治学]