北京市道路积雪污染及特性研究  

Study of Roadside Snow Quality and Characteristics in Beijing

作　　者：孟莹莹[1,2] 陈建刚 王会肖[1] 张书函 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]北京市水科学技术研究院,北京100044

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2015年第2期32-37,共6页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51179009);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2 013ZX07304-001);北京市科技计划课题(Z121100000312037)资助

摘　　要：通过2009-2012年对北京市区道路旁积雪的取样,分析了积雪中污染物的浓度和特性,并对国内外普遍关注的融雪剂污染问题及其控制进行了初步分析。得出道路积雪中＋NH^＋4-N、TN、TP、COD、SS、Cd等污染物主要来自交通活动,氯化物主要来自氯盐融雪剂;与《地表水环境质量标准》相比,道路积雪中主要污染物为NH^＋4-N、TN、COD、BOD和氯化物,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd等重金属的污染水平不高,可达到Ⅴ类水体标准;相同地点近似降水量条件下,积雪中TP、COD、SS的平均浓度高于降雨径流;北京市交通主干道及人行道上喷撒氯盐融雪剂的量高于国外道路,控制其污染主要通过源头减少使用量、使用替代融雪剂、严格融雪剂标准和使用方法、严肃责任追究、加强宣传教育等措施。By collection and analysis of the roadside snow samples in Beijing from the year of 2009 to 2012, concentration and characteristics of the pollutants in the snow were discussed, and deicing agent pollution and control widely concerned at home and abroad was preliminarily analyzed. The results showed that pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen, TN, TP, COD, SS and Cd in the roadside snow were mainly from traffic activities, and chloride mainly came from chlorine deicing agent. In comparison with the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water, the main pollutants in the roadside snow were ammonia nitrogen, TN, COD, BOD and chloride, and heavy metal pollution was not serious with concentration of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd meeting the Level V standard for water body. At the same site, if the precipitation amount was similar, the average concentration of TP, COD and SS in the snow were higher than that in the storm runoff. The application quantity of chlorine deicing agent in the major roads and sideway in Beijing was much more than that used in foreign countries, so such pollution should be controlled by reduction of application amount at source, utilization of alternatives, strict regulation of standard and usage, improvement of serious accountability mechanism, strengthening of propaganda and education, etc.

关 键 词：面源污染 积雪污染 交通活动 融雪剂 降雨径流 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]