对环境水力学“污染带扩展阶段”一词的修正  

Correction of“pollution belt extension stage”in environmental hydraulics

作　　者：武周虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,青岛266033

出　　处：《青岛理工大学学报》2015年第2期1-6,共6页Journal of Qingdao University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51379097)

摘　　要：随着由排污产生水环境问题的日益突出,从环境管理角度来定义的污染混合区及其计算愈加受到涉水和环境保护行业的重视.在分析"污染带扩展阶段"沿流程横断面上浓度分布变化规律的基础上,分别进行了不计和计入边界反射时的污染带宽度计算.表明污染带在不足全断面均匀混合距离1/5的范围内扩展到全河宽,污染带边缘的浓度是一个变化值,这使得污染带的计算无法应用于环境管理之中.在不同水体功能区所执行环境质量标准限值条件下,通过计算得到污染混合区的最长范围由排污口逐步发展到全断面均匀混合距离,最宽范围由排放岸发展到半河宽.表明"混合区发展阶段"一词比"污染带扩展阶段"一词更为贴切和实用,由此引出的污染混合区几何特征参数等计算问题,能更好的表征排入河流中污水扩散与混合"第二阶段"的特征.The definition of the pollutant-mixing zone from the perspective of environmental management and related calculation methods have drawn a remarkable attention due to the increasing urgency in water environmental problems caused by pollution discharge. Based on the analysis of the distribution regularity of pollutant concentration along the flow cross-sections during the pollutant belt extension stage, calculations with and without the boundary reflection effects have been performed. Analytical results indicate that the pollution belt extends to the whole width of the river within the range of less than one fifth of the full-section-uniform-mixing length, and the concentration at the pollution belt edge is not constant between cases. Thus, the calculation based on the concept of pollution belt does not apply to environmental management. Using the environmental quality standard limit in different water function areas, calculation results show that the maximum length of the pollutant mixing zone expands regularly, from the discharge outfall to the full-section uniform-mixing length, while the maximum width develops from the bank to half river width. Thus the term ＂mixing zone development stage＂ is more appropriate and practical than the ＂pollution belt extension stage＂. The calculations for the geometric parameters of the pollutant-mixing zone derived from this mixing zone concept will be better in characterizing the diffusion of sewage discharged into the river and the feature of the ＂second stage＂ of mixing.

关 键 词：环境水力学 污染带 污染带扩展阶段 污染混合区 混合区发展阶段 

分 类 号：TV13[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]