2010年福建省福州城乡0~14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查  

Prevalence survey of asthma in 0-14 year old children in 2010 in urban and rural areas in Fuzhou of Fujian Province

作　　者：刘艳琳[1] 唐素萍[1] 王世彪[2] 郑建云 张敏军[2] 陈燊[1] 程潮 董李[1] 林东如[1] 华云汉[1] 叶雯婧[4] 郭依华[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省福州儿童医院变态反应科福建医科大学教学医院,福建福州350005 [2]福建省妇幼保健院,福建福州350005 [3]福建省长乐市妇幼保健院,福建长乐350200 [4]福建省疾病预防控制中心,福建福州350005

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2015年第2期184-188,共5页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

摘　　要：目的了解福建省福州城乡儿童哮喘的患病特点和诊治现状。方法采取整群抽样的调查方法 ,于2010年10月至2011年10月抽取福州城市12 235例和农村6 000例儿童作为调查对象,由全国儿童哮喘防治协作组统一制定调查方案,通过发放问卷及现场问诊、体检的方式完成调查。分析城市和农村儿童哮喘患病特点和诊治情况。结果①城市共发放儿童哮喘初筛问卷12 235份,实际收回有效问卷11 738份,应答率为95.9%,确诊儿童哮喘485例(4.13%);农村共发放儿童哮喘初筛问卷6 000份,实际收回有效问卷5 860份,应答率为97.7%,确诊儿童哮喘119例(2.03%),城市与农村哮喘发生率比较差异有统计学意义(x^2=52.05,P<0.001);②福州城乡确诊儿童哮喘既往诊断正确率城市63.9%、农村61.3%,差异无统计学意义(x^2=0.27,P=0.601>0.05);③城市及农村儿童哮喘发作的常见发病诱因比较有显著性差异,其中呼吸道感染城市占88.1%,农村占96.6%;天气变化城市占43.5%,农村占76.5%;④城市及农村哮喘使用药物情况比较有显著性差异(x^2=29.81,P<0.001),其中吸入激素使用率城市占68.7%、农村占52.1%;抗生素使用率城市占69.5%、农村占81.5%。结论福建省福州城市儿童哮喘患病高于农村,根据本次调查的诊治情况,应重点加强农村哮喘吸入型激素、合理使用抗生素的防治宣教。Objective To investigate the prevalence characteristics and diagnosis and treatment status of childhood asthma in urban and rural areas in Fujian Province.Methods From October 2010 to October 2011, 12 235 urban children and 6 000 rural children were extracted by Cluster sampling method for the survey, and the survey was conducted by the National Children ’ s Asthma Collaborative Group.The investigation was completed with questionnaires, spot interview and physical examination to analyze the prevalence characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma in urban and rural areas.Results Totally 12 235 questionnaires for screening childhood asthma were issued in urban area, and 11 738 questionnaires were taken back with the response rate of 95.9%.There were 485 cases diagnosed with asthma （4.13%）.A total of 6 000 questionnaires were issued in rural area, and 5 860 questionnaires were collected with the response rate of 97.7%.There were 119 cases diagnosed with asthma （2.03%）.The difference in prevalence of asthma between urban and rural areas was significant （χ^2 =52.05,P〈0.001）.The previous correct diagnostic rate of childhood asthma in urban and rural areas was 63.9%and 61.3%, respectively, and the difference was not significant （χ^2 =0.27,P=0.601〉0.05）.Common causes of childhood asthma were remarkably different between urban and rural children.Respiratory tract infection occupied 88.1% and 96.6%in urban and rural area, respectively, and climate change accounted for 43.5% and 76.5%, respectively.The difference in medication use between urban and rural areas was statistically remarkable （χ^2 =29.81,P〈0.001）.The utilization rate of inhaled hormone was 68.7%and 52.1%in urban and rural areas, respectively, and that of antibiotics was 69.5%and 81.5%in urban and rural areas, respectively.Conclusion The prevalence of childhood asthma in urban area is higher than in rural area in Fujian Province.The diagnosis and treatment situation revealed in the study indicates that prevention

关 键 词：儿童 哮喘 城乡 流行病学 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]