早产儿发病原因及并发症临床分析  

Clinical analysis of etiology and complications of preterm infants

作　　者：雷燕喆 徐萍[1] 李瑛[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区妇幼保健院新生儿科,北京100080

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2015年第2期352-354,共3页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

摘　　要：目的通过对早产儿发生的病因及常见并发症的分析,探讨如何降低早产儿的发生率,进一步提高其存活率及生存质量。方法收集2007年1月至2012年12月北京海淀妇幼保健院收治的2 843例早产儿临床资料,了解其发病原因,按胎龄分为<32周、32~<34周、34~<37周3组,按出生体重分为<1 500g、1 500~<2 000g、2 000~<2 500g、≥2 500g 4组,分组统计其并发症的发生率,并进行分析比较。结果引起早产的主要病因有胎膜早破(32.2%)、贫血(21%)、多胎(15.8%)、脐带异常(14.8%)、胎儿窘迫(12.6%)、胎盘异常(8.9%)、产前子痫(7.4%)、妊娠期高血压综合征(3.2%)。在并发症中,3组不同胎龄早产儿高胆红素血症、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、吸入综合征、早产儿贫血、颅内出血、呼吸暂停、肺炎、感染性疾病、电解质紊乱、窒息的发生率比较,差异均具有统计学意义(x^2值分别为113.13、68.96、12.24、853.27、826.84、949.20、99.58、75.49、20.94和13.58,均P<0.01);4组不同出生体重早产儿高胆红素血症、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、早产儿贫血、颅内出血、呼吸暂停、肺炎、感染性疾病、电解质紊乱、窒息、出生缺陷的发生率比较,差异均具有统计学意义(x^2值分别257.76、397.31、863.67、436.23、401.70、53.93、92.41、42.37、8.87和25.46,均P<0.01);其中胎龄<32周、出生体重<1 500g的早产儿并发症发病率明显增加。结论胎龄越小,出生体重越低,并发症发生率越高越重。应加强对高危孕妇的管理,加强产儿合作,预防窒息发生,以及提高早产儿管理,是防治早产发生、降低早产儿并发症的关键。Objective To discuss how to reduce the incidence of preterm infants and further improve its survival rate and life quality by analyzing the etiology and common complications of preterm infants.Methods Clinical data of 2 843 premature infants admitted in Haidian Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital during the period of January 2007 to December 2012 were collected to analyze their etiology.The cases were divided into 3 groups according to gestational age （ 〈32w, 32-〈34w, 34-〈37w） and divided into 4 groups according to birth weight （〈1 500g, 1 500-〈2 000g, 2 000-〈2 500g,≥2 500g）.The incidence of complications was calculated and analyzed. Results The main causes of premature delivery included premature rupture of membrane （32.2%）, anemia （21%）, multiple pregnancy （15.8%）, abnormal umbilical cord （14.8%）, fetal distress （12.6%）, anomaly of placenta （8.9%）, preeclampsia （7.4%） and pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome （3.2%）.The differences were significant among 3 groups with different gestational age in the incidences of hyperbilirubinemia, NRDS, aspiratory syndrome, anemia of prematurity, intracranial hemorrhage, apnea, pneumonia, infectious disease, electrolyte disturbance and asphyxia （χ^2 value was 113.13, 68.96, 12.24, 853.27, 826.84, 949.20, 99.58, 75.49, 20.94 and 13.58, respectively, all P〈0.01）.The differences were also significant among 4 groups with different birth weight in the incidences of hyperbilirubinemia, NRDS, anemia of prematurity, intracranial hemorrhage, apnea, pneumonia, infectious disease, electrolyte disturbance, asphyxia and birth defect （χ^2 value was 257.76, 397.31, 863.67, 436.23, 401.70, 53.93, 92.41, 42.37, 8.87 and 25.46, respectively, all P〈0.01）.The complications in the group of gestational age less than 32w and in the group of birth weight less than 1 500g were significantly increased.Conclusion The smaller the gestational age and birth weight, the higher incidence of complications.The management of high risk pr

关 键 词：早产儿 胎龄 出生体重 并发症 发生率 

分 类 号：R722.6[医药卫生—儿科]