百色市针具交换项目对吸毒人群获取针具和共针行为的影响  

Effect of needle exchange programs on needle access and needle-sharing behavior among drug users in Baise city,Guangxi

作　　者：梁旭[1] 谭兰芬[1] 柳智豪[1] 陈坚[1] 陈凤肖[1] 覃彩艳 

机构地区：[1]百色市疾病预防控制中心,广西百色533099

出　　处：《中国艾滋病性病》2015年第4期304-306,310,共4页Chinese Journal of Aids & STD

摘　　要：目的评估长期开展针具交换项目,对当地吸毒人群获取针具和共针行为的影响。方法在同一时间内,对项目县和非项目县两类地区,自述曾有注射吸毒行为的吸毒人员进行面对面调查,利用自制的调查表调查吸毒人员的基本情况、获得清洁针具的途径和行为(社会营销、专业医疗机构和吸毒者社会关系三个方面),并对自述最近一个月有注射吸毒的人员的艾滋病防治知识知晓率和共用针具情况进行调查,采用SPSS 18.0进行对比分析。结果项目县和非项目县吸毒人群主要清洁针具的来源渠道都为社会营销"药店/药房",分别为69.70%和100%;吸毒人群都有固定比例的人群到专业医疗机构寻求针具,其比例分别为14.96%和18.78%;项目县吸毒人员主动到疾病预防控制部门针具交换点领取针具的比例高达57.77%,仅次于社会营销途径的来源;吸毒人群选择针具来源途径≥3个、2个和1个的比例,在项目县和非项目县分别为39.39%和6.60%、31.25%和26.90%、29.36%和66.50%,差异有统计学意义。项目县自述最近一个月注射吸毒的人中,从未共用针具的占90.0%,有时共用占8.0%,每次其都共用占2.0%;而非项目县分别为39.76%,59.57%,1.06%,差异有统计学意义。在项目县和非项目县,最近一个月有注射吸毒行为的人员艾滋病防治知识知晓率分别为88.86%和94.68%,两者差异无统计学意义。结论针具交换项目可使吸毒人群共用针具行为明显下降。在吸毒人群个人知识水平一致或相当时,共用针具频率与针具来源单一程度有关。对吸毒人群获取针具渠道行为和社会营销网络的调查,可进一步客观评估当地吸毒人群疾病控制的实际效果。Objective To evaluate the effect of needle exchange programs （NEPs） on needles access and needle- sharing among the local people. Method Injection drug users were interviewed with face-to-face survey method in the counties with project implementation and counties without project implementation. Basic information, behavior of clean needle access （social marketing, professional medical institutes and social relations of drug users）, awareness of AIDS knowledge and needle-sharing among injecting drug users in the latest month were analyzed with self- made questionnaire, SPSS 18.0 was used for comparative analysis. Results Among drug users in counties with project implementation and counties without project implementation, of 69.70% and 100% obtained clean needles from ＂drugstore＂ respectively, and 14.96 % and 18.78% from ＂professional medical institutes＂ respectively. A- mong drug users in counties with project implementation, of 57.77% obtained needles from needle exchange points of center for disease control and prevention （CDC）. Among drug users in counties with NEPs and counties without NEPs, of 39.39% and 6.60% obtained needles by more than 3 pathways, of 31.25% and 26.90% by 2 pathways, and of 29.36% and 66.50% by one pathway, respectively, there was a statistically significant. Injection drug users without needle-sharing in the latest month in the counties with NEPs and the counties without NEPs accounted for 90.0% and 39.76%, of 8.0% and 59.57%shared needles sometimes, of 2.0% and 1.06% shared needles every- time, respectively, there was statistically significant difference. Awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among injection drug users in the last month were 88.86% and 94.68% in the counties with NEPs and without NEPs respectively, there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusion NEPs implementation encouraged sharp decline in needles-sharing behavior among drug users. Frequency of needle-sharing was related with pathway of needle access with the con- sistent or comparable awar

关 键 词：吸毒人群 针具交换 社会营销 

分 类 号：R163[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]