民国社区研究与民间教门——以西镇圣谕坛为例  

Community Study and Folk Sects in the Period of the Republic of China:A Case Study on the“Sacred Creed Cult”in the West Town

作　　者：杨春宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学所

出　　处：《社会学评论》2015年第3期3-15,共13页Sociological Review of China

基　　金：中国社会科学院民族学与人类学所创新工程课题"城市民族关系问题研究"

摘　　要：晚清、民国时期,民间教门迅猛发展,同时期成长起来的人类学和社会学社区研究却对此鲜有关注,这一反差背后的原因值得学界思考。许烺光在西镇的研究为破解这一谜题提供了一个良机。根据田野回访和在当地发现的鸾书,他在西镇未能深入考察的圣谕坛其实是一个有着独特源流的民间教门组织,是宗族之外的重要社区力量。田野工作中的不足为他后来关于中国社会组织形态与变迁的理论失误埋下了伏笔。这一案例提醒我们,中国人类学和社会学需要修正以往局限于宗族组织和社区自身的视角,更加重视跨社区传播的民间教门在中国社会中的作用。The period of late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China witnessed the rapid develop- ment of folk sects. Another notable thing at the same time was the initiation of Chinese anthropology and sociology. One may expect that both disciplines accumulated tremendous amount of information of folk sects by their fieldwork studies, but things turned into their opposite. The scarcity of relevant data serves as background of this study which focuses on the Sacred Creed Cult in the West Town where Francis L.K Hsu did fieldwork for his distinguished ethnography ＂Under the Ancestor＇s Shadow＂. Based on recently discovered spirit-writing books and fieldwork in West Town, this study suggests that Sacred Creed Cult was the most important religious organization of this town in 1940s and mostly independent from lineages which Hsu used to summarize social life of this town and Chinese society. This misunderstanding may part- ly explain his subsequent theoretical conclusions about Chinese social organization and social change. A relevant inspiration of this case for Chinese anthropology and sociology is that we need to pay more atten- tion to folk sects which spread across communities and their functions in Chinese society.

关 键 词：社区研究 西镇民族志 民间教门 社会组织 

分 类 号：C912.8[经济管理]