溶胶凝胶自燃烧法合成金属与合金材料研究进展  

Progress in sol-gel autocombustion synthesis of metals and alloys

作　　者：张新伟[1] 华正和[1] 蒋毓文[1] 杨绍光[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学物理学院固体微结构物理国家重点实验室人工微结构科学与技术协同创新中心,南京210093

出　　处：《物理学报》2015年第9期145-157,共13页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(批准号:BK2009245);国家自然科学基金(批准号:61176087)资助的课题~~

摘　　要：本文综述了溶胶凝胶自燃烧法制备金属与合金材料的研究进展,详细介绍了该方法的实验原理和技术路线,通过实例介绍了该方法在制备金属和合金材料中的具体应用.通过这一系列的工作介绍,我们证实可以把传统的溶胶凝胶法制备氧化物材料的技术拓展到金属与合金材料的制备,希望能够对材料研究的实验工作有所帮助.This paper is an overview of the progress of sol-gel autocombustion synthesis of metals and metal alloys. Sol-gel is a convenient method to synthesize a variety of oxides by mixing of different elements at an atomic level. Autocombustion synthesis is a self-sustaining process caused by the heat generated from its exothermic reaction. By combining these two methods, the sol-gel autocombustion method is introduced in the synthesis of metals and metal alloys. The experimental principle and technological route are introduced in detail in this review. By using metal nitrate, citric acid etc. as starting materials, the dried gels are prepared through sol-gel routine. Under the protection of inert gas, the autocombustion could be activated at low temperature in a tube furnace. After the autocombustion was activated, the gel burned violently, and a large amount of white gas was released. During heating the gel, mass spectrum shows that the H2, CO and CH4 are evidently identified near the combustion temperature. They are well known reducing agents, which can be used in the redox reaction for synthesizing metals from oxides. Based on the data obtained from the TG-DTA and mass spectrum analysis, it is speculated that there are mainly five reactions appearing during the burning of the gel at high temperature： exothermic reaction between fuel and oxidant; metal oxide（s） formation by decomposition of the nitrate（s）; generation of CH4, CO and H2 by the decomposition of CH~ containing groups of complexing agent; exothermic reaction between CH4/CO/H2 and oxidant; the reduction of metals from their corresponding metal oxides by CH4 and H2 in nascent product. The application of this method to the synthesis of metals and metal alloys is shown by realized examples. This method shows many advantages in the synthesis of metals, such as simple apparatus, inexpensive raw materials, a relatively simple preparation process, and fine powder products with high homogeneity. Moreover, very low temperature is required to activate the

关 键 词：溶胶凝胶 自燃烧 金属与合金 磁性材料 

分 类 号：TM271[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]