不同秸秆还田方式对红壤性质及花生生长的影响  

Effects of Different Ways of Straw Returning on Red Soil Properties and Peanut Growth

作　　者：唐晓雪[1,2] 刘明[1] 江春玉[1] 吴萌[1] 李忠佩[1] 

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤》2015年第2期324-328,共5页Soils

基　　金：973计划项目(2014CB441003-2);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B04)资助

摘　　要：通过田间小区试验研究化肥配合不同秸秆还田方式对红壤养分、生物学特性和作物生长的影响。结果表明，与其他（NPK、NPKD1、NPKD2）处理相比，氮磷钾化肥配合秸秆直接还田（NPKJG）处理土壤碱解氮降低了7．88％～31．37％，速效磷降低了7．72％～23．81％。各处理土壤脲酶活性在花生的生长期间先降低后升高，而转化酶活性先升高后降低（除NPK处理的转化酶活性持续降低外）。氮磷钾化肥配合FeSO4促腐秸秆堆肥还田处理（NPKD2）提高了土壤脲酶活性26．14％，而配合碱渣促腐秸秆堆肥处理（NPKD1）提高了土壤转化酶活性66．13％。氮磷钾化肥配合FeSO4促腐秸秆堆肥处理土壤微生物生物量碳含量较高，且提高了花生各农艺性状指标和产量。Field trial was carried out to study the effects of NPK fertilizers combined different types of straw amendments on soil nutrients, microbial properties and crop growth. It indicated that compared with the other treatment（NPK, NPKD1, NPKD2）, the treatment of NPK combined straw directly returning decreased soil available nitrogen and phosphorus by 7.88%-31.37% and 7.72%- 23.82%. The urease activities declined first and increased later with the growth of peanut in all treatments, but opposite trends showed in invertease activities except the NPK treatment. The treatment of NPK combined FeSO4 promoted straw compost increased the urease activity by 26.14%, and the treatment of NPK combined alkali slag promoted straw compost enhanced the invertease activity by 66.13%. Microbial biomass carbon in the treatment of NPK combined FeSO4 promoted straw compost was higher than those in other treatments. Meanwhile, the treatment of NPK combined FeSO4 promoted straw compost also improved peanut growth and peanut yield.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 化学促腐秸秆堆肥 土壤酶 微生物生物量 花生生长 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学]