合成气完全甲烷化催化剂的研究现状  

Research progress in the catalysts for complete methanation of syngas

作　　者：李春启[1] 张诺伟[2] 梅长松[1] 陈爱平[1] 周帅林[1] 李安学[1] 陈秉辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]大唐国际化工技术研究院有限公司,北京100070 [2]厦门大学化学化工学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《工业催化》2015年第5期331-337,共7页Industrial Catalysis

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)先进能源技术领域重点项目(2009AA050903)

摘　　要：以天然气供应多元化和煤炭清洁高效利用为目标,煤制合成天然气受到重视,合成气完全甲烷化是煤经合成气制天然气的关键技术,而甲烷化催化剂是其核心要素。合成气甲烷化催化剂的主流催化剂为镍基催化剂,常用助剂为稀土氧化物、过渡金属和碱土金属,载体为Al2O3、Si O2、Zr O2、Ti O2或复合氧化物,制备方法为干混法、浸渍法、沉淀法及溶胶-凝胶法。国内外主要研究热点是提高甲烷化催化剂在固定床反应器中的高温、高压及高空速条件下的稳定性和机械强度。建议深入研究催化剂的烧结机理及助剂作用机理,探索新的制备方法,开发新型高温甲烷化催化剂;对于强放热的煤制合成天然气工艺,也应加大流化床甲烷化技术及催化剂的开发。Aiming at the diversification of the natural gas supplying and the high-efficiency and clean coal conversion, the coal-to-synthetic natural gas technology has been attracted more and more attention. Methanation catalyst plays a key role in bringing such a technology into commercialization. The main methanation catalysts were Ni-based catalysts. Rare earth oxides, transition metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides were used as the promoters. A1203 ,SiO2 ,ZrO2 ,TiO2 and the mixed-oxides were applied as the supports. Catalysts were prepared by the dry-mixed method, wetness impregnation method, precipitation method and sol-gel method. The research on methanation catalysts was focused on improving the stability and mechanical strength of the catalysts under the conditions of high-temperatures, high-pressure and high space velocity in the fixed-bed reactors. It is suggested that the mechanisms of sintering and promoting should be investigated thoroughly ,and the novel preparation methods should be explored to develop new catalysts. Compared with the fixed-bed reactors and their catalysts, the fluidized-bed reactors and their corresponding catalysts are more promising for the strongly exothermic methanation reaction.

关 键 词：催化化学 煤化工 合成天然气 甲烷化催化剂 

分 类 号：TQ426.94[化学工程] O643.36[理学—物理化学]