新疆野生山楂授粉受精特性研究  

Preliminary Study on Pollinating Fertilization of Wild Hawthorn in Xinjiang

作　　者：刘欢[1] 廖康[1] 孙琪[1] 司洪章 杨新峰[2] 曹倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学新疆特色果树研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]霍城县林业局,新疆霍城835200

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第4期655-659,共5页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30660122);新疆维吾尔自治区果树重点学科

摘　　要：【目的】探讨新疆3种野生山楂的花粉量及授粉受精特性,为野生山楂资源的开发利用奠定基础。【方法】采用离心法测定花粉量,分别对3种野生山楂进行自然授粉、自花授粉、去雄套袋和异花授粉处理,两周后统计坐果率。【结果】阿尔泰山楂的单花花粉量较大,为28 320粒,极显著高于其余两种山楂;红果山楂的单花花粉量较小,为22 850粒,显著低于准噶尔山楂,极显著低于阿尔泰山楂。3种野生山楂自然授粉和自花授粉坐果率较高,在34.83%-53.10%,两种处理间差异不显著,且自花授粉的坐果率均!6%,表现为自交亲和;异花授粉坐果率在30.65%-41.85%,与自然授粉和自花授粉处理有显著差异;去雄套袋的坐果率为4.22%-11.71%。【结论】新疆3种野生山楂的花粉量有差异,其中阿尔泰山楂的花粉量较多;同一种野生山楂间能自花结实且坐果率较高,不同种野生山楂相互授粉也能得到较高的坐果率;3种野生山楂均能单性结实,但坐果率较低。【Objective】To explore the pollen counts and pollination fertilization characteristics of three kinds of Xinjiang wild hawthorn and lay a foundation for the development and utilization of wild hawthorn resources.【Method】Using the centrifugation to measure the pollen amount,choosing the natural pollination,self-pollination,emasculation by bagging and cross-pollination for the three kinds of wild hawthorn respectively,and two weeks later,the fruit setting rate was counted.【Result】The results showed that： the single flower pollen amount of Altai hawthorn was significantly higher than those of other two,with the number of 28,320 grains; the single flower pollen amount of Crabapple hawthorn was significantly lower with the number of22,850 grains. The natural pollination and self-pollination rate of three kinds of wild hawthorn were higher than other treatments; they ranged between 34. 83% and 53. 10% and do not have the significant differences;the fruit setting rate of self-pollination was 6%,showing that the hawthorn could be of parthenocarpy. The cross-pollination rate was between 30. 65% and 41. 85%,has and showed the significant differences between natural pollination and self-pollination rate. The emasculation by bagging rate was between4. 22% and11. 71%.【Conclusion】There were differences between the pollen amount of three kinds of wild hawthorn,the pollen amount of Altai hawthorn was significantly higher than others. The same kind of wild hawthorn had the character of parthenocarpy and the fruit setting rate was higher than the other treatments. The cross-pollination between different kinds of wild hawthorn also had the higher fruit setting rate. They all showed the ability of parthenocarpy,but the fruit setting rate was lower than other treatments.

关 键 词：野生山楂 花粉量 授粉受精 

分 类 号：S58[农业科学—作物学]