德国黄胡蜂在新疆北部分布及生物学特性研究  

Studies on the Distribution and Biological Characteristics of Vespula germanica in North Part of Xinjiang

作　　者：吴卫[1] 马东建[1] 范兆田[2] 唐军[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆大学理化测试中心,乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第4期705-711,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2009211A01)

摘　　要：【目的】摸清广泛分布德国黄胡蜂的资源状况并对其进行利用和防治提供依据。【方法】在新疆北疆各地共124个采集点进行野外调查;在新疆大学校园和昌吉农业示范区建立固定的观察点对其进行生物学特性观察。【结果】德国黄胡蜂广泛分布于北疆海拔450-1 600 m阔叶林带、农田、和人类的生活区,最适海拔为500-900 m的区域;对生物学特性研究表明：每年4-10月多在地下筑多层纸质巢;肉食性兼嗜食甜食,攻击性较强;日常行为包括捕食、取水、筑巢,最佳活动温度20-30℃;蜂后繁殖力强,1只蜂巢中成虫最多可达数千只,性别从春季至秋季按＂完全雌性—雌雄混合—雄性居多＂的规律演变;以交配后的蜂后越冬至来年4月,重新建巢并繁殖产生新的种群;【结论】德国黄胡蜂种群多、数量大,在北疆的分布区域与人类的生活区域重叠,因而在北疆是与人类关系最为密切的胡蜂之一,可通过定期在城市防除、在农、林区予以警示保护的措施对其进行防治和利用。【Objective】To investigate the resources of the widely distributed Vespula germanica in order to provide basis for both utilization and control of its large populations; 【Method】Field investigation at 124 sites in Northern Xinjiang was conducted and biological characteristics were observed at fixed sites in Changji;【Result】Vespula germanica are widely distributed in the Northern Xinjiang at an altitude from 450 m to 1 600m（ especially 500-900 m） includeing hardwood forest,farmland,and the human living area; Biologicalcharacteristics of Vespula germanica： most nests are built underground from April to October; insects as well assweet fruits are their nutriment; strong offensive; predation,water intaking,and nesting are worker＇s daily behaviors,which optimum occur between 20-30℃; queens fecundity is so strong that by latesummer,there could be several thousands of individuals in one colony; maleemerges from late August so the gender in a colony varies as a ＂totalfemale--female male--male prevailing＂pattern from the begining to theend of the life phase; the young mated queens seek places to overwinter untilnext spring and new colonies begin; 【Conclusion】Vespula germanicain Xinjiang is one of the Vespidae insects that has the most close relationship withhuman beings. It mustbe controlled in urban areas,while it should be kept in agriculture andforestry area by means of warning protection to not only prevent people frombeing stung,but also contribute to the development of the green agroforestry. ：

关 键 词：德国黄胡蜂 北疆 分布 生物学特性 防治与利用 

分 类 号：Q969.93[生物学—昆虫学]