利用地面三维激光扫描技术进行地形测绘  

Topographic mapping using terrestrial 3D laser scanning technology

作　　者：郭琳娜[1] 张吉平 柳永全 李辉 林永祥 殷耀国[1,5] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏煤矿设计研究院有限责任公司,银川750011 [3]银川科奥建设工程咨询有限公司,银川750004 [4]北京则泰盛业科技发展有限公司,北京100107 [5]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心,银川750021

出　　处：《中国科技论文》2015年第9期1014-1018,共5页China Sciencepaper

摘　　要：分析了传统地形测绘技术的不足和三维激光扫描技术进行地形测绘的优势。通过2个案例检测分析,在成图比例尺为1∶2 000(沟壑丘陵)和1∶1 000(高山地)时,地物点点位中误差分别为±0.772m和±0.584m,等高线内插点高程中误差分别为±0.756m和±0.416m,满足规范要求。证实了利用地面三维激光扫描技术进行大比例尺地形测绘,在测区面积较大时,能够快速采集大量而精确的点云数据,有效节约人力物力,缩短工期,提高工作效率和经济效益;在复杂地形和危险测区,能够不直接接触危险目标,详细、快速地进行外业数据采集,既能保证人员和设备的安全,又能保证成图精度,并且同样提高工作效率。The shortcomings of traditional topographic surveying and the advantages of 3D laser scanning technology for topo-graphic mapping was analyzed.Two cases of detection and analysis were carried out,where the mapping scale was 1:2 000 and 1:1 000 for applications in a gully and hilly region and an alpine region,respectively.Map testing indicated that the root mean square error of the testing points was ±0.772 m and ± 0.584 m for the two cases,respectively,and the root mean square error of contour interpolation points was ±0.756 m and ± 0.416 m,respectively.The test results show that 3D laser scanning tech-nology meets the specification requirements.Moreover,results also confirm that it can be used in large-scale topographic mapping of survey areas with complex terrain,especially in those areas that are fault-folding,with a high degree of broken terrain and un-known distribution of dangerous points.Detailed point cloud data can be collected without direct contact with object targets,and data processing and topographic mapping can be done remotely.This technology not only ensures the accuracy of maps but also improves the efficiency of field work.

关 键 词：地形测绘 三维激光扫描技术 误差来源 中误差 

分 类 号：P225.2[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程] P217[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]