中国水稻地方品种与选育品种的遗传多样性比较分析  

Comparative Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Landrace and Improved Rice Varieties in China

作　　者：邓宏中[1] 王彩红[1] 徐群[1] 袁筱萍[1] 冯跃[1] 余汉勇[1] 王一平[1] 魏兴华[1] 

机构地区：[1]水稻生物学国家重点实验室/中国水稻研究所,杭州310006

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2015年第3期433-442,共10页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：农业部作物种质资源保护项目(2014NWB033)

摘　　要：利用98对SSR标记对202份中国水稻地方品种和选育品种的遗传多样性进行比较分析。结果显示供试品种具有较丰富的遗传多样性,共检测到等位基因1350个,每个位点的等位基因数（Na）变化范围为3-39,平均14个;Nei基因多样性指数变化范围（He）为0.125-0.955,平均0.733;多态信息量（PIC）变化范围为0.122-0.953,平均0.680;稀有等位基因数（Nr）913个;等位基因丰度（Rs）8.33。栽培稻地方品种和选育品种遗传多样性差异明显,地方品种等位基因数、Nei基因多样性指数、多态信息量、稀有等位基因数和等位基因丰度（Na=1219,He=0.747,PIC=0.710,Nr=756,Rs=8.50）均高于选育品种（Na=919,He=0.704,PIC=0.650,Nr=529,Rs=7.01）。各染色体组水平的遗传多样性分析表明,选育品种仅在1号染色体上的遗传多样性高于地方品种,进一步分析显示选育品种的遗传改良在基因组水平上具有区间特异性。Ninety-eight SSR markers were used to compare the genetic diversity in 202 Chinese cultivated rice varieties. The result showed that a high level genetic diversity in Chinese cultivated rice. All the 98 loci revealed a total of 1350 alleles. The number of allele per locus（ Na） ranged from 3 to 39,with an average of 14. The Nei＇s genetic diversity index of per locus（ He） was 0. 733 with a range from 0. 125 to 0. 955. The polymorphism information content（ PIC） varied from 0. 122 to 0. 953,with a mean of 0. 680. Number of rare alleles（ the allele frequency 5%）（ Nr） was 913 and genetic richness（ Rs） was 8. 33. There exited a significant difference in genetic diversity between landrace and improved rice varieties. Landrace（ Na = 1219,He = 0. 747,PIC = 0. 710,Nr = 756,Rs =8. 50） had more variation than improved rice（ Na = 919,He = 0. 704,PIC = 0. 650,Nr = 529,Rs = 7. 01）. Diversity analysis in chromosomes demonstrated that just the Chromosome 1 of improved rice had higher genetic diversity than that of landrace. Further analysis showed interval specificity of genetic improvement in the level of whole genome for improved rice.

关 键 词：水稻 地方品种 选育品种 遗传多样性 SSR标记 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]