荞麦及其野生种遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity of Buckwheat and Its Wild Species

作　　者：史建强[1,2] 李艳琴[1] 张宗文[2,3] 吴斌[2] 王安虎[4] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学生物技术研究所,太原030006 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [3]国际生物多样性中心东亚办事处,北京100081 [4]西昌学院,四川西昌615013

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2015年第3期443-450,共8页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程;国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD01B05-2)

摘　　要：荞麦起源于我国西南地区,该地区分布有大量荞麦地方品种和野生近缘种。本研究利用SSR分子标记,对从我国西南地区收集的81份荞麦及其野生资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示,利用19对SSR引物共检测出84个等位基因,每对SSR引物平均扩增出4.421个等位基因,19对SSR引物的平均Shannon＇s信息指数为0.985,平均PIC为0.478。81份荞麦及其野生资源的相似系数范围为0.500-1.000,分析发现大粒组荞麦种（甜荞及其近缘种、苦荞及小米荞、金荞）与小粒组硬枝万年荞亲缘关系比较近。通过聚类分析在遗传相似系数为0.732时,可将81份荞麦种质分为4个类群,第Ⅰ类由小粒组齿翅野荞、细柄野荞、小野荞麦、疏穗小野荞麦和硬枝万年荞组成;第Ⅱ类由甜荞和甜荞近缘种组成;第Ⅲ类都是由金荞组成;第Ⅳ类是由苦荞和小米荞组成。在遗传系数为0.920时,小粒组荞麦种可以明显区分出疏穗小野荞麦、硬枝万年荞、齿翅野荞及其细柄野荞。研究表明,19对SSR引物多态性较高,能较好反应荞麦及其野生种质的遗传多样性,本研究的结果为荞麦属种之间的亲缘关系分析和荞麦起源进化研究提供科学依据。Buckwheat was originated in southwest of China,where exists a large number of buckwheat landraces and wild relatives. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of 81 samples of buckwheat and its wild species with SSR molecule makers. The results indicated that 84 alleles were detected among 81 samples of 11 species by 19 pairs of SSR primers,averaged 4. 421 alleles by each pair of SSR primers. The average Shannon＇s information index of 19 pairs of SSR primers was 0. 985,while the average PIC was 0. 478. The similarity coefficient of 81 buckwheat samples were 0. 500 to 1. 000. The analysis found that the large-seed group grain（ F. esculentum,F. esculentum ssp.ancestralis,F. tataricum,F. kashmirianum,F. cymosum） were more closely related to F. urophyllum. At the position0. 732 of the similarity coefficient,all samples can be divided into four categories by the clustering analysis. The first category is composed of F. gracilipes,F. gracilipes var. odontopterum,F. leptopodum,F. leptopodum var. grossii and F. urophyllum; the second category is made up of F. esculentum,and F. esculentum ssp. ancestralis,the third category is composed of F. cymosum only,and the fourth category included F. tataricum and F. kashmirianum. However,the pellets,can be obviously distinguished into buckwheat Eleptopodum var. grossii,Europhyllum,Egracilipes and Egra-cilipes var. odontopterum. At the position 0. 920 of genetic coefficient,F. leptopodum var. grossii,F. urophyllum,F.gracilipes var. odontopterum and F. gracilipes were clearly distinguished in the small-seed group. This research shows that SSR primers had high level of polymorphism and is able to detect the genetic diversity of buckwheat and its wild species. The results provided a scientific basis for analyzing the genetic relationships and studying the origin and evolution of buckwheat.

关 键 词：野生荞麦 SSR标记 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S517[农业科学—作物学]