甘薯收获期藤蔓茎秆的机械特性  

Mechanical properties of sweet potato vine and stalk during harvest

作　　者：胡良龙[1] 王公仆[1] 凌小燕[1] 王冰[1] 王伯凯[1] 游兆延[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第9期45-49,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家现代农业甘薯产业技术体系专项资金资助(CARS-11-B-16);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(14)2005)

摘　　要：为探明甘薯收获期藤蔓茎秆机械特性，以便提高甘薯藤蔓机械粉碎还田作业质量，该文农机农艺结合，以江苏南京地区鲜食紫甘薯宁紫1号、宁紫2号为试验对象，应用电子万能试验机、甘薯藤蔓粉碎还田试验机等仪器设备，研究了收获期甘薯藤蔓茎秆含水率和剪切强度的变化，揭示了茎秆含水率、剪切强度和机械碎蔓作业质量的内在关系，获得了含水率在86.92%～70.08%时，2个紫甘薯品种藤蔓茎秆剪切力与含水率之间变化的二次函数回归方程；明确了经验收获期开始时藤蔓茎秆含水率分别为81.5%和78.1%、剪切力分别为90.1和94.8 N；从提高机械作业质量角度出发，提出了收获期内最宜机械碎蔓作业时间约为6～8 d。研究结果为新型甘薯藤蔓粉碎还田机转速、切刀线速度等参数设计提供了直接依据，并为适宜的甘薯收获期选择和适宜机械作业的栽培农艺研究提供了参考。Sweet potato is a crop which is drought-resistant, tolerant of poor soil, and owns increasingly enormous potential. It is an important foodstuff, a raw material for starch industry, a kind of health food to prevent cancer and a new raw material for energy as well. The sweet potato planting area in China per year on average is usually 3 667 000 hectares, accounting for 45% of the world＇s planting area. As sweet potato vines are very long and broomy, the vines must be cleaned up before sweet potatoes are harvested, otherwise are unable to be harvested. Vine crushing and returning machine is usually the dominant form adopted to clean sweet potato vines internationally, but the problems existed in this type of machine were obvious such as low smashing proportion and more stubble residue on the top ridge. New problems have been brought by long stubble such as blocking, larger load and worse smooth working property. Aiming at these problems, the machinery and agronomy should be combined, in order to prove mechanical properties of sweet potato vine and stalk during harvest and working quality of sweet potato vine crushing and returning testing machine. In this paper, the types of fresh purple sweet potato Ningzi 1 and Ningzi 2 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province were regarded as the tested subject, the electronic universal testing machine, electric drying oven with forced convection, and sweet potato vine crushing and returning testing machine etc. were applied, and the change of moisture percentage and shear strength of sweet potato stalk during harvest were studied. The results showed that at the beginning of experience harvest period, when the percentage of moisture were 81.5% and 78.1%, the shear force were 90.1 and 94.8 N, respectively, during 18 testing days the moisture percentage of sweet potato stalk reduced by 14.8% and 13.97%, respectively, but the shear force of stalk increased by 36.3 and 37.5 N respectively, which showed that the moisture percentage of sweet potato stalk was lower and the shear force was larger

关 键 词：机械特性 收获 水分调控 甘薯 藤蔓 茎秆 

分 类 号：S323[农业科学—作物遗传育种] S225.79[农业科学—农艺学]