旱涝交替胁迫对水稻分蘖期根解剖结构的影响  

Effects of alternative stress of drought and waterlogging at tillering stage on rice root anatomical structure

作　　者：甄博[1,2] 郭相平[2] 陆红飞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,新乡453002 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,南京210098

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第9期107-113,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51070942);"十二五"公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助项目(201203077;201203032)

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验,研究了水稻分蘖期旱-涝-旱交替胁迫对根解剖结构的影响。本试验主要通过不同程度的旱胁迫(重旱,A1和轻旱,A2)和重涝胁迫(保持15 cm水层,B)分3个阶段交替进行,分析各个阶段水稻根的中柱、通气组织、根外层细胞发育及根外层厚度与常规灌溉之间的差异,探讨旱-涝-旱交替胁迫对水稻抗涝性的影响。结果表明,第Ⅰ阶段干旱胁迫(A1和A2处理)能促使根形成发达的通气组织,且形成时间早于常规灌溉(C),A1和A2处理根外层厚度显著高于C处理。第Ⅰ阶段重旱胁迫对第Ⅱ阶段涝胁迫(重旱-重涝处理,A1B)根解剖结构产生明显的影响,A1B处理通气组织较早形成,其导管直径、总面积和中柱面积分别较常规灌溉(CC)增加了43.3%、52.8%、76.5%,而第Ⅱ阶段淹涝条件下(常规灌溉-重涝处理,CB)根仅形成了少量的通气组织。第Ⅲ阶段涝胁迫后再经历旱胁迫(重旱-重涝-重旱处理,A1BA1和轻旱-重涝-轻旱处理,A2BA2),根解剖结构表现与第Ⅰ阶段旱胁迫相似。可见,短期旱胁迫可促进根系通气组织的发育,而不会造成水稻耐涝能力的降低。该研究可为水稻蓄水控灌技术提供理论依据。In recent years,a new water-saving controlled irrigation technique aiming at more heavy rains in the South of China is proposed. It can reduce irrigation cost and make full use of rainfall, but may lead to alternative stress of drought-waterlogging-drought for rice. It is unclear about the root changes affected by the alternative stress. Therefore, in this study, a pot experiment was carried out to determine the effects of alternative stress of drought and waterlogging at tillering stage on rice root anatomical structure. The differences of root aerenchyma, column, the root epidermal cell development and root epidermal thickness in rice underwaterlogging stress treatments and the conventional irrigation were analyzed. The rice experienced three phases of drought stress （heavy drought A1 and light drought A2） and heavy waterlogging stress （15 cm water layer, B）. The results indicated that A1 and A2 promoted development of root aerenchyma earlier than conventional irrigation （C） at stage I of drought stress; The thickness of the outer layer of roots in A1 and A2 treatments were higher than C treatment. A1 at stage I had a significant impact on root anatomical structure of flooding stress at stage II of drought converted to heavy waterlogging （A1B, heavy waterlogging for 5 d at stage II）, of which the diameter, total area of tube and the column area increased by 43.3%, 52.8%, 76.5%, respectively, compared to conventional irrigation at stage II （CC）; And the number of catheter, catheter area and in the column area of A2B treatment（heavy waterlogging for 5 d at stage II） was lower than that of CC treatment. However, the rice root formed a small amount of aerenchyma under the condition of flooding stress at stageⅡ （CB, heavy waterlogging for 5 d at stage II）. Effects of heavy drought and light drought stress at stage III （A1BA1 and A2BA2） after flooding stress on rice root anatomical structure were similar to the effects of drought stress at stage I. A1BA1 formed more gas cavity, and t

关 键 词：胁迫 干旱 细胞 水稻 旱涝交替胁迫 分蘖期 根 解剖结构 

分 类 号：Q944.54[生物学—植物学]