胡椒碱和山椒醇经历对棉铃虫幼虫取食的影响  

Effect of Piperine- and Sanshool-Experiences on Larval Feeding of Helicoverpa armigera

作　　者：李为争[1] 胡晶晶[1] 李慧玲[1] 郭线茹[1] 闫凤鸣[1] 原国辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学植物保护学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2015年第10期2076-2084,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31471772);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203036)

摘　　要：【目的】拒食剂是通过改变农作物对害虫的适口性来调控其取食行为的一大类化学物质。使用拒食剂对害虫取食行为进行生态调控,可有效地克服化学防治带来的负面影响。但害虫随着取食经历会对拒食剂表现出很强的味觉适应能力,尤其是味觉习惯化限制了这类物质的大田应用。论文旨在明确两种酰胺类拒食剂胡椒碱和山椒醇作用于多食性棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)幼虫的感觉器官类型,以及两种拒食剂取食经历对棉铃虫后期取食行为的影响,为此类拒食剂在农田大规模应用提供依据。【方法】首先在两项选择式条件下,测试棉铃虫幼虫对胡椒碱和山椒醇的嗅觉趋向性反应,并在非选择性条件下测定棉铃虫幼虫在首次接触山椒醇和胡椒碱处理过的烟草叶碟后的取食持续时间,然后以4龄幼虫的拒食中浓度为基础,研究棉铃虫幼虫前期对含有胡椒碱、山椒醇或二者混合物的饲料的取食经历对后期取食选择反应的影响。【结果】选择性趋性反应测试结果表明,胡椒碱和山椒醇释放到环境中的气味对棉铃虫并没有显著的嗅觉驱避作用。棉铃虫幼虫首次接触处理烟草叶碟后的取食持续时间为30 s左右,比对照叶碟上的取食持续时间(100 s以上)显著缩短,该反应时间和模式昆虫烟草天蛾(Manduca sexta)幼虫典型的味觉摄入后反应的时间相吻合。胡椒碱和山椒醇对4龄棉铃虫幼虫的拒食中浓度分别为0.2259和0.4003 mg/叶碟(1.5 cm ID)。取食经历效应测试发现,有过胡椒碱和山椒醇取食经历的试虫仍然受到相应经历物质的极显著拒食作用,说明两种物质以4龄幼虫拒食中浓度混入人工饲料,从3龄幼虫开始进行取食经历诱导,发育至5龄幼虫期时并没有对所经历的物质产生明显的习惯化现象。有山椒醇经历的试虫极显著受胡椒碱的拒食作用,但有胡椒碱取食经历的试虫则会对山椒醇产�[Objective]Feeding deterrents or anti-feedants are a broad range of chemicals regulating the feeding behaviour via altering the palatability of crops to herbivores. The idea of pest ecological control using feeding deterrents is an alternative strategy to overcome the negative effect of chemical control. However, almost all insect pests can develop experience-dependent adaptivity to various feeding deterrents, especially gustatory habituation, which limited the practical use of these substances. The objective of this study is to elucidate the sensory organs involved in the feeding deterrence of two amides against a generalist herbivore, Helicoverpa＆amp;nbsp;armigera （H＆#252;bner）, and the effect of prior feeding experience of piperine and sanshool on subsequent feeding behaviour of the larvae, providing a scientific basis for large-scale application.[Method]The olfactory approaching response under dual-choice condition with piperine-and sanshool-treated with tobacco leaf discs was tested, respectively, paired with the control leaf disc, and the feeding duration of the larvae after first encounter with the piperine-or sanshool-treated tobacco leaf discs under non-choice condition was measured. Then the effect of larval feeding experience to piperine and sanshool on their subsequent choice feeding behaviour was tested based on the concentrations at 50%feeding deterrence against the fourth instar larvae.[Result]Piperine and sanshool did not exhibit any repellent effect, and the feeding durations of the larvae after first encounter with piperine-and sanshool-treated tobacco leaf discs were approximately 30 s, significantly shorter than that of the control （longer than 100 s）. This feeding duration time was in accordance with the typical post-ingestive response time of a model insect species, Manduca sexta. The concentrations at 50%feeding deterrence to the fourth instar larvae of piperine and sanshool were 0.2259 and 0.4003 mg per tobacco leaf disc （1.5 cm ID）, respectively. The bioassay of feeding ex

关 键 词：棉铃虫 拒食剂 胡椒碱 山椒醇 味觉习惯化 取食经历 

分 类 号：S435.622.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]