歼击机飞行员＋Gz暴露时座椅靠背面上体压分布变化  

Changes of body pressure distribution on backrest in fighter pilot＇s ＋ Gz exposure

作　　者：吴三元[1] 李宝辉[1] 刘何庆[1] 徐艳[1] 卫晓阳[1] 王全[1] 张立辉[1] 王海霞[1] 刘晓燕[1] 林榕[1] 金朝[1] 

机构地区：[1]空军航空医学研究所,北京100142

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2014年第4期265-269,F0003,共6页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的 建立载人离心机上记录和分析＋Gz暴露时体压分布的试验方法,探讨＋Gz引起的飞行员背部不适的原因及其防护措施,为进行＋Gz暴露时座椅靠背舒适性、腰背部防护措施有效性等研究提供参考. 方法 9名男性歼击机飞行员完成了＋3.0Gz持续10 s、＋5.0 Gz持续10 s及＋8.0Gz持续10s的载人离心机训练.用Teckscan压力分布测量系统记录并分析训练过程中座椅靠背面上的体压分布数据,包括接触面积、接触压力及峰值接触压力. 结果 接触面积、接触压力、峰值接触压力随着载荷的升高而增加,差异有统计学意义（F=181.40～2 848.43,P＜0.01）.＋5.0Gz时下背部的接触面积明显大于上背部（t=2.706,P＜0.05）;不同载荷暴露时,下背部的接触压力均大于上背部（t=4.370～8.169,P＜0.01）;＋1.0、＋3.0及＋5.0Gz暴露时下背部的的峰值接触压力显著大于上背部（t=2.455～8.087,P＜0.05）. 结论 本试验建立了动态观察和分析＋Gz暴露时靠背体压分布变化的试验方法.＋Gz暴露时座椅靠背面的体压分布变化提示高过载和抗荷动作对背部施加的作用力,可能是导致歼击机飞行员背部疾患的原因之一.Objective To set up a method of recording and analyzing body pressure distribution on backrest during ＋ Gz exposure on human centrifuge and investigate the mechanism of back symptoms,therefore provide a reference for comfort analysis on seat backrest and evaluating the effectiveness of back protection for ＋Gz exposure.Methods Nine fighter pilots experienced ＋3 Gz for 10 seconds,＋5 Gz for 10 seconds and ＋8 Gz for 10 seconds exposures on the human centrifuge.The pressure distribution data between the back and backrest including contact area （CA）,contact pressure （CP） and peak contact pressures （PCP） between the back and backrest under resting state （＋ 1.0 Gz） and ＋Gz exposure were recorded and analyzed by a pressure-mapping device （Teckscan system）.Results The CA,CP and PCP increased significantly with the rising of ＋Gz level （F=181.40-2 848.43,P〈0.01）.Comparing the data of lower and upper back in the same G level,the CA of lower back was greater than that of upper back during ＋5.0 Gz exposure（t=2.706,P〈 0.05）.CPs of the lower back were significantly greater than those of upper back （t=4.370-8.169,P〈0.01）.PCPs of the lower back were significantly greater than those of upper back except ＋8.0 Gz （t=2.455-8.087,P〈 0.05）.Conclusions The force exerted on back by ＋Gz acceleration as performing anti-G staining maneuver maybe one of the reasons that inducing back symptoms in fighter pilots.The method of recording body pressure distribution of backrest during ＋Gz exposure is set up.

关 键 词：加速度 超重力 压力 离心机 座椅靠背 飞行员 

分 类 号：R852.21[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] R873[医药卫生—临床医学]