中国极端高温事件的年代际突变及其与海温的关系  

Decadal Shift of the Extreme High Temperature in China and Its Relationship with Sea Surface Temperature

作　　者：周晓[1] 黄菲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学物理海洋实验室山东省高校海洋-大气相互作用与气候重点实验室,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第5期19-27,共9页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划项目(2010CB951403;2012CB955604);海洋公益性行业科研专项(201005017-6)资助

摘　　要：基于中国730个气象台站1961—2010年50年间的日平均地面气温观测资料,研究了中国极端高温事件频数的年代际时空分布及其突变特征,并探索了其与海表面温度之间的关系。结果表明,中国极端高温事件频数有明显的线性增加趋势,但空间上呈不均匀分布,北方和西南地区增加快而南方地区增加慢,甚至个别地区出现减小的趋势,时间上在1990年代中后期到21世纪初期存在显著的年代际突变。中国极端高温频数的时空变化主要表现在主成分分析的前两个模态上:全国一致型(第一模态)和南北振荡型(第二模态),方差贡献率分别分18.8%和17.2%,且分别反映了1990年代中后期和21世纪初期两次年代际转型特征。第一模态主要与北大西洋多年代振荡(AMO)和印-太暖池的变化有关,第二模态则主要与AMO和ENSO正负位相转换有关。Based on daily observation temperatures data of 730 stations with 50 year series from 1961 to 2010, we have studied the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of extreme ＂high temperature＂ events and explore its relation with the sea surface temperature. It was showed that the frequency of ex- treme high temperature events had an obvious increase trend, but it differed in different area. It increased more quickly in the north and southwest but relatively slow in the south, it even decreased in some areas. The change of the frequency had a significant decadal mutation from the end of 1990s to the beginning of the 21st century. Based on empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analysis, there are two leading modes： the consistent mode （first mode） and the concussion of the north and south mode （second mode）. The va- riance contribution rates are 18. 8% and 17. 2~ respectively and reflect two decadal transition characteris- tics in the end of 1990＇s and the beginning of 21st century. The first mode is mainly related to Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and change of the Indo-Pacific warm pool. The second mode is mainly related to the transition of positive and negative phase about AMO and ENSO.

关 键 词：中国极端高温 时空分布 ENSO 

分 类 号：P732.6[天文地球—海洋科学]