鸦片战争前后中国民间涉外债务清偿政策的演变  

Change of Policies of Discharging Debts Owed by Chinese to the foreigners before and after the Opium War

作　　者：曹英[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2015年第5期26-33,共8页History Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"近代中国民间涉外债务问题研究"(12CZS043)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：鸦片战争前,中国行商对外商的欠债问题是困扰清政府并影响中外关系的重要问题之一。清政府为维护天朝体制,积极清偿行商债务,先后采取了查封变卖行商家产抵欠、官员垫付、保商摊赔、行商联保偿付等政策措施,但由于未触及造成商欠的根源而不见成效。第一次鸦片战争是清政府政策转变的起点,在被迫接受英国"官偿商欠"的要求后,清政府重新确定了商欠"官为代追,不为保偿"的制度,并将其载入与各国签订的条约中,成为近代中国民间涉外债务清偿的基本制度。这一政策对近代中国产生了深远影响。To maintain Chinese system, the Qing government discharged the Hong merchants＇ debts actively. It had taken many policies and measures, such as attaching and selling the Hong merchants＇ property for the debts, discharging the debts by all the Hang merchants, which had litte effect. The first Opium War was the turning point of the Qing government＇s policy. After accepting the request of ＂government compensate merchants＇ debts＂ forced by Britain, the Qing government reestablished the policy of ＂government is only help recover debts, not compensate them＂, and wrote it in the treaties signed with other countries. This policy became the basic system of discharging foreign debts owed by Chinese, and had produced a far-reaching influence on society of modem China.

关 键 词：鸦片战争 涉外债务 清偿 政策 

分 类 号：F822.9[经济管理—财政学] K252[历史地理—历史学]