春小麦/春玉米间作模式光温环境特征研究  

Characteristics of Light Environment and Soil Temperature in the Spring Wheat/Spring Maize Intercropping System

作　　者：高莹[1,2] 吴普特[1,2,3] 赵西宁[1,2,3] 王自奎[2,3] 孙喜军 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [4]陕西省咸阳市渭城区农业技术推广站,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2015年第3期163-169,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD29B09);教育部;国家外国专家局"111"计划(B12007);西北农林科技大学青年学术骨干项目;西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费资助项目;旱区农业共性节水技术集成与示范项目(K303021301)

摘　　要：春小麦/春玉米间作是我国西北地区一种较为普遍的间作种植模式。于2013年在内蒙古河套灌区开展试验,分析了小麦/玉米间作在不同供肥水平下光合有效辐射和土壤表层温度的空间和时间变化特征,以及光温环境改变对小麦和玉米农艺性状的影响。结果表明：在麦玉共生前期,间作玉米接收的太阳辐射减少,透光率平均比单作玉米降低3.9%~6.3%,土壤表层温度降低2.42~2.63℃。在共生后期,间作玉米的光照条件改善,透光率比单作玉米平均升高19.3%,土壤表层温度降低1.51~1.73℃。小麦收获之后间作玉米接收的光强显著增加,土壤温度平均比单作玉米升高2.14~2.37℃。间作条件下小麦的生长得到促进,表现出明显的边行效应;而间作玉米的营养生长受到限制,叶面积在各生育期都显著低于单作玉米。综合分析表明,间作模式对各组分作物农艺性状的影响主要是由于光温环境的改变所致。Spring wheat/spring maize intercropping is a common cropping pattern in northwestern China. Field experiments were conducted in the Hetao Irrigation District of the Inner Mongolia in 2013 to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of photosynthetically active radiation（PAR） and soil temperature and the effect on the agronomic characters of both wheat and maize among different nitrogen treatments. Results showed that during the early co-growth stage, the PAR accepted by the intercropped maize was much lower than the mon- oculture, the fraction of light transmitted in intercropped maize was 3.9% ~ 6.3 % lower than the monocul- ture maize, the soil temperature reduced by 2.42~2.63℃ ; during the later co-growth stage, the fraction of light transmitted in intercropped maize was 19. 30/oo higher than monoculture maize, the soil temperature reduced by 1. 5141.73℃. After wheat harvest, the PAR accepted by the intercropped maize significantly increased, the soil temperature in intercropped maize increased by 2.14~2.37~C. With respect to wheat, the growth of the border plant was better than the inner plant. However, the vegetative growth of intercropped maize was negatively affected, as reflected by the significantly reduced plant height and leaf area. It is concluded that the effects of intercropping system on agronomic characters of component crops were primarily due to the changes in light and temperature environment.

关 键 词：间作 小麦 玉米 光合有效辐射 地温 

分 类 号：S162.5[农业科学—农业气象学]