基于GIS的天山南北坡雪线分布特征及其影响因素分析  

GIS-Based Analysis on the Snowline Distributional Characteristics of South and North Slopes of Tianshan Mountain and Their Influencing Factors

作　　者：张连成[1,2] 胡列群[2] 李帅[2] 侯小刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,乌鲁木齐830054 [2]中国气象局乌鲁木齐气象卫星地面站,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2015年第3期259-263,352,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国气象局关键技术集成与应用项目(CMAGJ2014M62);中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(sqj2012013);自治区科技援疆项目(2013911104);国家自然科学基金(41471358);新疆师范大学地理学博士点支撑学科基金(XJNU-DL-201313)

摘　　要：利用2002—2013年7—9月份的MOD10A1、21个气象站点的温度和降水以及HJ-1/CCD数据,以天山南北坡为研究区,对雪线的空间分布特征及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明:天山南北坡雪线分布特征为南高北低,东高西低,南坡雪线稀疏,空间梯度变化小,北坡的中部雪线密集,空间梯度变化大。从整个研究区分析,雪线高度与温度的相关系数为0.159,偏相关系数为-0.212;与降水的相关系数为-0.668,偏相关系数为-0.676。降水量是影响整个天山南北坡雪线分布的主控因素。从小尺度分析,将研究区划分为4个不同区域,得出天山北坡中段、天山北坡西段和天山南坡东段的雪线分布主要受降水量的控制,天山南坡西段的雪线分布温度占主导因素。Utilizing MOD10A1 through July to September from 2002 to 2013, the temperature and precipitation of 21 meteorological observatories and HJ-1/CCD data, this paper took south and north slopes of Tianshan Mountain as the study field to analyze the distributional characteristics and influencing factors of the snowline. The results showed that the snowline distributional characteristics of south and north slopes of Tianshan Mountain presented that the north area was lower than the south area, the west area was lower than the east area, the snowline of south slope was sparser and had a small spatial gradient change; and the middle of north slope snowline was intensive and had a bigger spatial gradient change. The analysis on the whole study area showed that the correlation coefficient between snowline altitude and temperature was 0. 159, partial correlation coefficient was --0. 212; the correlation coefficient for precipitation was --0. 668, partial correlation coefficient was --0. 676. The precipitation is the main controlling factor on the distribution of snowline of south and north slopes of Tianshan Mountain. The study area could be divided into four different fields by analyzing different parts,, the snowline distribution of the middle and west part of north slope of Tianshan Mountain as well as the west part was mainly controlled by precipitation while snowline distribution of the east part of south slope of Tianshan Mountain was primarily affected by temperature.

关 键 词：天山南北坡 雪线 相关系数 主控因素 

分 类 号：P463[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]