进口形式对浅水垫消力池水跃特性的影响  

Influence of inlet form on hydraulic jump in stilling basin with shallow water cushion

作　　者：李连侠[1] 廖华胜[1] 刘德伟[1] 刘达[2] 漆力健[3] 沈焕荣[1] 易文敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,成都610065 [2]广东省水利水电科学研究院,广州510610 [3]四川农业大学水利与建筑工程系,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2015年第5期57-65,共9页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目:(51079091;51209154)

摘　　要：针对泸定水电站3#消力池出口边界不对称的特点,通过单体局部模型试验对三种不同进口衔接形式的浅水垫消力池内的水跃形态进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,消力池进口形式对水垫深度影响较大,直接决定了水跃是否能够形成及其稳定性。多级台阶进口最适用于入池主流能够充分靠近底部又能保证一定水垫深度情况,在水流入池角度较小时主流远离池底水垫厚度过大时,则容易形成面流流态;圆弧进口可以将入池水流导向池底,但进口扩散段在出口不对称性和尾坎的顶冲反射作用影响下,导致水垫厚度不均匀,从而产生不稳定斜向水跃,同时影响边墙的稳定性;采用一定长度的等宽圆弧进口则可使得池内水跃流态稳定,消能效果良好。因此,浅水垫消力池要充分发挥其优势,在实际应用时需重视进口形式的设计,以形成合适的浅水垫。Experimental tests were conducted to examine the influence of inlet form on hydraulic jump in stilling basin with shallow water cushion in asymmetric outlet condition, based on a physical model of the energy dissipater No. 3 in the flood discharging tunnel of Luding hydropower plant. Comparison of flow patterns shows that the inlet form that has significant impact on the water cushion, is a crucial factor to the formation and stability of hydraulic jump in the case of shallow cushion in stilling basin. The multi-steps inlet is advantageous when the cushion is deep enough and the inlet main flow close to the bottom, while it helps to develop surface-flow patterns when the main flow is away from the bottom and the cushion too deep, especially in the case of small jet angle at the inlet. In contrast, an arc inlet can help the inlet main flow be close enough to the bottom to ensure the formation of hydraulic jump inside the basin with appropriate water cushion, but the jump is probably unstable and asymmetric because of the high speed flow reflected by the end sill, which can be solved by modifying the inlet form from transitional to continuous.

关 键 词：水力学 浅水垫消力池 泄洪消能 水跃 进口形式 

分 类 号：TV653.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]