基于断面几何标准的平滩水位估算方法对比  

Analysis on the definition of bankfull stage by geometric criterion

作　　者：贺莉[1] 闫云霞[1] 颜明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2015年第5期114-118,共5页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAB02B02);青年基金(51109198);"973"计划课题(2011CB403305)

摘　　要：平滩流量是主槽过流能力的一个重要指标,常作为造床流量评价水流造床能力和河道排洪输沙能力,而平滩水位的估算是确定平滩流量的关键。本文根据花园口断面的复杂形态,对比分析了用于估算平滩水位的地貌标准和断面几何标准,进一步分析有效河宽对不同的平滩水位估算方法(WOL、WIL、RIL和B/H)的影响,以及花园口平滩水位在50年内的变化发展。由分析可知,对于估算花园口断面的平滩水位,在确定过水断面范围后,仍然需要增加有效河宽的限制。其中,WIL和RIL方法对于有效河宽的变化不敏感,而WOL和B/H方法估算的平滩水位随有效河宽的缩窄而增高。估算的花园口平滩水位中,WIL方法的平滩水位偏高,尤其是1980年以后;WOL方法和B/H方法在各个断面估算的平滩水位最为接近,且整体偏低。Bankfull discharge is morphologically significant, as it is identified as a key parameter for studying river morphology, sediment motion, flood dynamics, and their ecological impacts. Identification and determination of bankfull stage is critical to both development of regional curves and calculation of bankfull discharge but doing this in-situ could be practically difficult and subjective. This paper compares two identifying approaches, one based on geomorphic features in-situ, and the other on geometric criterion of surveyed channel cross-sections. For the geometric criterion, we collected the data of cross sections measured at the Huayuankou hydrology station in 50 years to compare its four methods, namely Wolman （WOL）, Williams （WIL）, Riley （RIL） and Wang （B/H）. Analysis shows that to identify the bankfull stage in a multiple-branch wandering reach, effective channel width is a necessary parameter even all the cross-sectional areas below various stages are known. Of these four methods, WlL and RIL are insensitive to effective width, while the bankfull stages estimated by WOL and B/H tend to increase with narrower effective width. In application to the cross sections of Huayuankou, the bankfull stages by WIL are relatively higher, especially those for the period after 1980, while the stages by WOL and B/H are relatively lower.

关 键 词：河流泥沙工程学 平滩水位 几何标准 花园口 有效河宽 

分 类 号：TV121[水利工程—水文学及水资源]