中国大学生跳高运动员比赛流畅心理状态研究  

Research on the Flow State of Chinese Undergraduate High Jump Athletes

作　　者：田汜明 张健[2] 张建华[3] 王琳[2] 席繁宏 王厚雷[5] 

机构地区：[1]重庆电信职业学院,重庆400900 [2]西北民族大学体育学院,兰州730124 [3]西北师范大学体育学院,兰州730070 [4]徽县少年儿童业余体校,甘肃陇南742300 [5]石河子大学体育学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《河北体育学院学报》2015年第3期60-67,共8页Journal of Hebei Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(14CTY01);教育部人文社会科学基金项目(13YJC890036);2014年西北民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(31920140046);甘肃省体育社会科学研究项目(GST201460)

摘　　要：采用结构方程模型检验和心理测量等统计学方法,利用《流畅状态量表-2》对大学生跳高比赛运动员的心理状态进行研究,以验证大学生比赛流畅心理状态对比赛成绩的影响。结果显示:我国大学生跳高运动员比赛流畅心理状态由5个相互关联的因素构成,分别是挑战与技能平衡、行动与意识融合、明确的反馈、全神贯注于当前任务、自我意识的丧失。运动员成绩和以上5个因素得分高度相关(P<0.05)。得分越高,越容易出现流畅心理状态,运动成绩越好。不同组别研究显示,A组运动员在明确的反馈、行动与意识融合、全神贯注于当前任务、清晰的目标、挑战与技能平衡、时间的变换、控制感、享受的体验这8个维度的平均得分和R值上,均大于B组运动员;而自我意识的丧失维度的平均得分和R值略低于B组。进一步研究发现,A组运动员在自我意识的丧失、行动与意识融合、全神贯注于当前任务、明确的反馈、挑战与技能平衡5个维度上的得分均高于B组,且差异显著(P<0.001)。不同性别研究表明,女子运动员在行动与意识融合、挑战与技能平衡、自我意识的丧失的平均得分和R值普遍低于男子,但全神贯注于当前任务、明确的反馈、时间的变化、清晰的目标、控制感、享受的体验等得分高于男子。Using structural equation model test and psychological measurement and other statistical methods, this paper adopts the “flow state scale-2” to study the psychological state of Chinese undergraduate high jump athletes, and verify the impact of flow state to competition results. The results show that： the flow state of Chinese undergraduate high jump athletes consists of five interrelated factors, including balance between challenge and skill; fusion of motion and consciousness; explicit feedback; concentration to the current task; loss of self consciousness. Athletic performances are highly correlated with the above five fac- tor scores （P〈0. 05）. The higher the score, the more likely to have flow state, and the better their athletic performances are. Studies of the different groups show that： the mean and R value of group A are greater than group B in terms of eight dimen- sions： clear feedback; fusion of motion and consciousness; concentration to the current task; clear objectives; balance between challenge and skill; time transfer, sense of control, and the enjoyed, experience. While mean and R value of loss of self con- sciousness is slightly lower than group B. Further studies show that scores of group A are higher than group B in terms of loss of self-consciousness; fusion of motion and consciousness; concentration to the current task; clear feedback; balance between challenge and skill, and the differences are significant （P〈0. 001）. Studies between different genders show that the mean and R value of women athletes are lower than men athletes in terms of fusion of motion and consciousness; balance between challenge and skill; loss of self-consciousness, but the mean and R value of women athletes are higher than men athletes in terms of con- centration to the current task; clear feedback; time transfer; clear objectives; sense of control, and the enjoyed experience.

关 键 词：我国 大学生 跳高运动员 比赛流畅心理状态 

分 类 号：G804.87[文化科学—运动人体科学]